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Bioprocessing engineering deals with :
(d)
What limitation of traditional hybridization procedures used in plant and animal breeding can be overcome by recombinant DNA procedures ?
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { I. } & \text { Inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes } \\
\hline \text { II. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Inability of inclusion of desirable traits from other } \\
\text { species }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
(c)
A piece of DNA, somehow transferred into an alien organism, will be able to multiply itself in the progeny cells of organism if :
(b)
For the multiplication of any alien piece of DNA in an organism, it needs to be part of a chromosome that has a specific :
(c)
The work of which of the following scientists led to the establishment of the discipline of modern biotechnology ?
(d)
Regarding the naming of restriction enzymes:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { I: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { The enzyme names begin with an italicized three- } \\
\text { letter acronym; the first letter of the acronym is the } \\
\text { first letter of the genus of bacteria from which the } \\
\text { enzyme was isolated, the next two letters are the two } \\
\text { letters of the species. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { These are followed by extra letters or numbers to } \\
\text { indicate the serotype or strain, a space, then a Roman } \\
\text { numeral to indicate the chronology of identification. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
(c)
pBR322 does not contain the site for :
(c)
The Ti plasmid, used in transformation of plant cells, is found in :
(a)
Which of the following can be used to induce competence for getting a bacterial cell transformed during rDNA procedures ?
(a)
What temperature is used to give heat shock when competence is induced in a bacterial host cell enabling it to take up rDNA ?
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline 1 . & 27^{\circ} \mathrm{C} & 2 . & 42^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\
\hline 3 . & 72^{\circ} \mathrm{C} & 4 . & 98^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
(b)
A method used only for transforming animal cells is :
(b)
Identify the correct statement :
(c)
“DNA is the genetic material of all organisms without exception.” ❌ Incorrect — some viruses have RNA as genetic material.
“As it is an RNA world, the genetic material is ds RNA in majority of the organisms.” ❌ Incorrect — majority have DNA, not dsRNA.
“Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules.” ✅ Correct — cell lysis is the first step in DNA extraction.
“Proteins such as histones can be removed from the cell lysate with the help of ribonuclease.” ❌ Incorrect — RNase removes RNA; proteases remove proteins like histones.
Which of the following is normally not used as a nethod of introduction of foreign DNA into an animal cell ?
(c)
Lysozyme should be used when isolating DNA in a pure form from :
(a)
While isolating DNA from bacteria, which of the following enzymes is not required?
If you want to isolate DNA in pure form from a fungal cell, the first enzyme required normally would be :
(d)
To obtain DNA in pure form, the enzyme that should never be used to hydrolyse biomolecules in a cell lysate, will be :
(b)
The steps included in a cycle of Polymerase Chain Reaction are:
(c)
Gene cloning occurs :
(c)
1 → Describes transduction, not gene cloning.
2 → Describes transformation, not necessarily cloning.
3 → Correct — gene cloning happens when a bacterium with a recombinant plasmid reproduces, producing many copies of that plasmid and the inserted gene.
4 → Describes reverse transcription, not cloning.
If any protein-encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host, the protein formed is called :
(a)
The construction of the first recombinant DNA was done by using the native plasmid of –
(b)
‘Restriction’ in Restriction enzyme refers to :
The downstream processing stage of rDNA does not involve:
(a)
Taq polymerase is used in the polymerase chain reaction because:
(d)
Downstream processing involves all the following except :
(d)
The enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction is a :
(c)
Which of the following contributed in popularising the PCR (polymerase chain reactions) technique ?
(d)
Restriction endonucleases present in bacterial cells provide an advantage to the cell because these enzymes :
(b)
What controls the copy number of linked DNA if plasmid is used as a vector in bacterial transformation ?
(a)
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction ?
(c)
Downstream processing in DNA recombinant technology includes __(i)__ and ___(ii)___
(c)
Microinjection is used in
(a)
Fill up the blanks-
A. When cut by the same restriction enzyme, the resultant DNA fragments have the same kind of ______
and these can be joined together end-to-end using
B. Disruption of the cell membranes can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells plant or animal tissue
with enzymes such as _____ (bacteria), _____ (plant cells) and _____ (fungus).
C. If any protein encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host, it is called a _____.
D. In gel electrophoresis, the separated DNA fragments can be seen oniy after staining the DNA with a
compound known as ______ followed by exposure to UV radiation.
(d)
The enzyme DNA ligase, important in rDNA procedures, catalyzes the formation of :
(c)
Which of the following is not applicable to Agrobacterium tumifaciens ?
(d)
Autonomously replicating circular extrachromosomal DNA is called
(c)
The enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in E.coli were isolated in the year :
(b)
Gene cloning occurs :
(c)
Arrange the following steps of genetic engineering in right sequence then choose the correct option
(A) Elution
(B) Gel electrophoresis
(C) DNA isolation from cell
(D) Restriction digestion
(E) Spooling
(b)
Consider the two statements :
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { I: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { It is desirable to use restriction enzymes produce } \\
\text { ‘sticky ends’ for cloning experiments in genetic } \\
\text { engineering. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { If the donor DNA and the vector DNA are cut by } \\
\text { such same restriction endonuclease, ligation of the } \\
\text { two is easy. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
(a)
When “sticky ends” are paired, they can be joined by :
(d)
Which of the following does not have the ability to replicate within bacterial cells independent of the control of chromosomal DNA ?
(a)
Plastids (like chloroplasts) can replicate independently inside plant cells, but they cannot replicate within bacterial cells — they are not functional in that environment.
Bacteriophages → replicate in bacterial cells.
BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) → engineered vector that replicates in bacteria.
Plasmid → naturally replicates in bacterial cells independently of the main chromosome.
Which of the following is not required in the preparation of a recombinant DNA molecule ?
(d)
Which of the following is true for the Ti plasmid ?
(b)
Exposure to which of the following is necessary to see pure DNA fragments ?
(c)
Insertional inactivation of \( \beta \) -galactosidase gene gives rise to
(b)
How many statements are correct with respect to restriction endonuclease?
(i) Same restriction endonuclease to be used to cut both the passenger DNA and vector DNA
(ii) More than 230 restriction enzymes have been isolated
(iii)EcoRV was isolated prior to EcoRI
(iv) It identifies palindromic sequence and mostly cuts DNA away from centre of palindrome
(a)
(iii) ❌ Incorrect — EcoRI was discovered and characterized before EcoRV.
(iv) ❌ Incorrect — most type II restriction enzymes cut within the palindromic sequence, often at or near the center, not “away from” it.
Two selectable markers of pBR 322 are
(c)
Regarding competence for bacterial cell transformation:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { I: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Natural competence is not seen in bacterial cells as } \\
\text { DNA is hydrophilic and a large molecule. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Competence can be induced in bacterial cells with the } \\
\text { help of divalent cations and brief heat shock. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
(b)
Which of the following is responsible for replication of plasmid DNA
(a)
Plasmid replication starts at a special sequence called the origin of replication (ori).
In pBR322, the rop gene doesn’t start replication, but it regulates it by controlling the plasmid’s copy number.
Since the question doesn’t give “ori” as an option, Aakash picked Rop gene as the answer because it’s the gene involved in replication control.
So:
Scientific answer → ori does replication
Exam answer → rop gene = “responsible” in control sense ✅
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