Plant Kingdom TS

Hint

[NCERT-I-29]
Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by fragmentation of thalli, or by the formation of specialised structures called gemmae (sing. gemma). Gemmae are green, multicellular, asexual buds, which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli.

Hint

(3)
[N CERT-I-32]
Psilopsida (Psilotum); Lycopsida (Selaginella, Lycopodium), Sphenopsida (Equisetum) and Pteropsida (Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum).

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-31,32,33]
All seed-bearing plants i.e. gymnosperms and angiosperms, follow this pattern.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-34]
The pollen tubes enter the embryo-sac where two male gametes are discharged. One of the male gametes fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote (syngamy). The other male gamete fuses with the diploid secondary nucleus to produce the triploid primary endosperm nucleus (PEN). Because of the involvement of two fusions, this event is termed as double fertilisation, an event unique to angiosperms. During these events the ovules develop into seeds and the ovaries develop into fruit.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-24,26]
Fusion between one large, non motile, static female gamete and a smaller motile male gamete is called oogamous.

At least half of total carbon dioxide fixation on Earth is carried out by algae through photosynthesis.

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-27]
In Rhodophyceae food is stored as floridean starch which is very similar to amylopectin and glycogen in structure.

Hint

(3)
[NCERT-I-32]
Thick cuticle

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-I-27]
Ulothrix – Starch

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-I-25]
A-Volvox, B – Ulothrix, C- Laminaria

Hint

(3)
[NCERT-I-26,27,29]
– In chlorophyceae stored food is starch
– Anisogamous type reproduction present in Eudorina
– Volvox is colonial algae
– In Bryophyte antheridium produce biflagellated antherozoids.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-32]
Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores, are known as heterosporous.

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-26]
Certain marine brown and red algae produce large amounts of hydrocolloids (water holding substances), e.g., algin (brown algae) and carrageen (red algae) which are used commercially

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-24]
(Reproduction type) (Characteristics)
Isogamous – Both gametes are similar in size and non-motile
Anisogamous – Both gametes are dissimilar in size
Oogamous – Fusion between male (small) and female gemete (large)

Hint

(3)
[NCERT-I-26]
\(
\begin{array}{lll}
\text { Column I } & \text { Column II } \\
\text { (Products) } & \text { (Algae) } \\
\text { Algin } & – & \text { Brown algae }
\text { Carrageenan } & – \text { Red algae } \\
\text { Agar } & – \text { Gracilaria } \\
\text { Protein supplement } & – \text { Chlorella }
\end{array}
\)

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-XI-24,29]
Sporophytic generation is represented only by the one-celled zygote. There are no free-living sporophytes. Meiosis in the zygote results in the formation of haploid spores. Many algae such as Volvox, Spirogyra and some species of Chlamydomonas represent this pattern
Spororicmeiosis occur in moss

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-24,29]
Anisogamous type reproduction present in Eudorina
In Bryophyte antheridium produce biflagellated antherozoids.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-26]
Chlorella and Spirullina are unicellular algae, rich in proteins and are used as food supplements even by space travellers

Hint

(3)
[NCERT-I-24]
In class rhodophyceae sexual reproduction is of oogamous type.

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-27]
The gametes are pyriform (pear-shaped) and bear two unequal laterally attached flagella.

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-32]
Ovules are not enclosed by ovary wall in gymnosperms.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-32,33]
Pinus – Dioecious

Hint

(3)
[NCERT-I-27]
The food is stored as floridean starch which is very similar to amylopectin and glycogen in structure.

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-I-30]
The spores germinate to give rise to inconspicuous, small but multicellular, free-living, mostly photosynthetic thalloid gametophytes called prothallus.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-29]
The sex organs in bryophytes are multicellular. The male sex organ is called antheridium. They produce biflagellate antherozoids. The female sex organ called archegonium is flask-shaped and produces a single egg.

Hint

(3)
[NCERT-I-26]
Some algae may store food in the form of oil droplets. Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-30]
The stems are unbranched (Cycas) or branched (Pinus, Cedrus).

Hint

(4) 
[NCERT-1-27,28,32]
Pteris belongs to class pteropsida

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-33]
One of the megaspores enclosed within the megasporangium develops into a multicellular female gametophyte that bears two or more archegonia or female sex organs

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-I-31]
A-Strobilus , B – Node, C-Branch

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-27]
\(
\begin{array}{ll}
\text { Column I } & \text { Column II } \\
\text { (Common name) } & \text { (Flagellar number) }
\text { GreenAlgae } & -2,8, \text { Equal, apical } \\
\text { BrownAlgae } & -2, \text { Unequal, lateral } \\
\text { RedAlgae } & – \text { Absent }
\end{array}
\)

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-1-33]
Following fertilisation, zygote develops into an embryo and the ovules into seeds

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-34]
Gemma – Asexual bud of a bryophyte.

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-I-26]
Spirogyra is a member of green algae.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-26,27,28]
All these are the member of brown algae they must be contained chlorophyll a and c.

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-28,29]
Marchantia – Unisexual.

Hint

(3)
[NCERT-I-27]
The leaves in pteridophyta are microphylls as in selaginella or macrophylls as in ferns.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-24]
Natural classification system considers not only the external features but also internal features like ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-26]
Chlorella and Spirullina are unicellular algae, rich in proteins and are used as food supplements even by space travellers.

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-26]
Chlamydomonas – unicellular algae
Volvox – Colonial algae
Ulothrix and spirogyra – Filamentous algae

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-26,27]
Green algae – Volvox, chara
Brown algae – Laminaria,Dictyota
Red algac – Porphyra,Polysiphonia

Hint

(4)
[NC-I- 29,30]
Diplontic life cycle – All seed bearing plants
Haplo-diplontic life cycle – Bryophytes & Pteridophytes
Haplontic life cycle – Volvox, spirogyra

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-I-11]

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-I-13]
Compared to many other organisms, bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity.

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-1-21]
In modern medicine certain infections neurological diseases were found to be transmitted by an agent consisted of abnormally folded protein. The agent was similar in size to viruses.
These agents were called prions. The most notable diseases caused by prions are bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called mad cow disease in cattle and its analogous variant Cr Jacob disease (CJD) in humans.

Hint

(3)
[NCERT-I-21]
In modern medicine certain infections neurological diseases were found to be transmitted by an agent consisted of abnormally folded protein. The agent was similar in size to viruses.
These agents were called prions. The most notable diseases caused by prions are bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called mad cow disease in cattle and its analogous variant Cr Jacob disease (CJD) in humans.

Hint

(1)
[NCERT-1-8]
Hominidae-family of man.

Hint

(1) [NCERT-28,29,30,32]
\(
\begin{array}{ll}
\text { Algae } & – \text { Porphyra } \\
\text { Liverwort } & – \text { Marchantia } \\
\text { Moss } & – \text { Sphagnum } \\
\text { Pteridophyte } & – \text { Selaginella } \\
\text { Gymnosperm } & – \text { Sequoia }
\end{array}
\)

Hint

(2)
[NCERT-I-5,7]
(A) is correct but (R) is not correct

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-18]
Asexual reproduction is by spores called conidia or sporangiospores or zoospores, and sexual reproduction is by oospores, ascospores and basidiospores.

Hint

(4)
[NCERT-I-26,27]
All of these