Biomolecules NCERT

Question 1 of 45

1. Question

Match each item in Column I with only one item in Column II and select the correct match from the codes given:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { COLUMN I } \\
\text { [Component] }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { COLUMN II } \\
\text { [% of the total cellular mass] }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { A. Protein } & \text { P. } 2 \\
\hline \text { B. Carbohydrates } & \text { Q. } 1 \\
\hline \text { C. Lipids } & \text { R. } 5-7 \\
\hline \text { D. Nucleic acids } & \text { S. } 3 \\
\hline & \text { T. } 10-15 \\
\hline & \text { U. } 70-90 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { U } & \text { P } & \text { R } & \text { Q } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { T } & \text { S } & \text { P } & \text { R } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { T } & \text { P } & \text { S } & \text { R } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { P } & \text { Q } & \text { R } & \text { S } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

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Question 2 of 45

2. Question

Consider the given two statements:
I: Palmitic acid has 16 carbons including the carboxyl carbon.
II: Arachidonic acid has 20 carbons including the carboxyl carbon.

Only I is correct
Only II is correct
Both I and II are correct
Both I and II are incorrect

Question 3 of 45

3. Question

Consider the given two statements:
I: Gingelly oil remains as oil in winters.
II: The fatty acid components of the oil are all saturated.

Both I and II are correct and II correctly explains I
Both I and II are correct but II does not correctly explain I
I is correct but II is incorrect
I is incorrect but II is correct

Question 4 of 45

4. Question

Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II and chose your answer from the codes given below.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Column I } \\
\text { (type of secondary metabolite) }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Column II } \\
\text { (example) }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { I. Alkaloid } & \text { 1. Abrin } \\
\text { II. Toxin } & \text { 2. Morphine } \\
\text { III. Lectin } & \text { 3. Vinblastin } \\
\text { IV. Drug } & \text { 4. Concanavalin A } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{aligned}
&\text { Codes: }\\
&\begin{array}{lllll}
&\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV } \\
\text { 1. } & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\
\text { 2. } & 2 & 1 & 4 & 3 \\
\text { 3. } & 2 & 1 & 3 & 4 \\
\text { 4. } & 1 & 2 & 4 & 3
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
\)

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Question 5 of 45

5. Question

Consider the given statements regarding some important secondary metabolites:
I. Morphine is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium and is mainly used as a pain medication.
II. Ricin is a toxin and a highly potent toxin produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant.
III. Concanavalin A is a lectin and is widely used in biology and biochemistry to characterize glycoproteins and other sugar-containing entities on the surface of various cells.
IV. Vinblastin is an anti-cancer drug typically used with other medications, to treat a number of types of cancer.

Only I, II and III are correct
Only I, III and IV are correct
Only II, III and IV are correct
I, II, III and IV are correct

Question 6 of 45

6. Question

Consider the given two statements:
Statement 1: Secondary metabolites derived from plant, fungal and microbial cells do not have a use in human welfare.
Statement 2: We do not, at the moment, understand the role or functions of all the secondary metabolites in host organisms.

Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 correctly explains Statement 1
Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 does not correctly explain Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct

Question 7 of 45

7. Question

Consider the given two statements:
Statement 1: Lipids are a part of acid insoluble fraction or the macromolecular fraction during chemical analysis of a cell.
Statement 2:Lipids have a molecular weight running in thousands of Dalton.

Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 correctly explains Statement 1
Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 does not correctly explain Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct

Question 8 of 45

8. Question

Consider the given two statements:
I. Arachidonic acid is a conditionally essential fatty acid.
II. It does become essential if a deficiency in linoleic acid exists.

Both I and II are correct and II explains I
Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
I is correct and II is incorrect
Both I and II are incorrect

Question 9 of 45

9. Question

Consider the given two statements:
Statement 1: A protein is a heteropolymer.
Statement 2: There are 20 types of proteinogenic amino acids and they are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptides

Only Statement 1 is correct
Only Statement 2 is correct
Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct
Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect

Question 10 of 45

10. Question

Consider the given two statements:
Statement 1: Certain amino acids are essential for our health.
Statement 2: Only such amino acids are used to make proteins in our body according to our own genetic code.

Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 correctly explains Statement 1
Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 does not correctly explain Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct

Question 11 of 45

11. Question

Identify the correctly matched pair:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { I. } & \text { GLUT-4 } & \text { Enables glucose transport out of the cells } \\
\hline \text { II. } & \text { Collagen } & \text { Most abundant protein in animal world } \\
\hline \text { III. } & \text { RuBisCO } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Most abundant protein in the whole of the } \\
\text { biosphere }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Only I
Only I and II
Only I and III
Only II and III

Question 12 of 45

12. Question

Change in an amino acid located distantly from the active site of an enzyme can affect the specificity of the enzyme towards its substrate by:

making the enzyme unstable
cause a relocation of the enzyme within a cell
changing the shape of the protein
changing the optimum pH and temperature values for the enzyme

Question 13 of 45

13. Question

Consider the given two statements:
Statement 1: The right end of the glycogen molecule is called the reducing end and the left end is called the nonreducing end.
Statement 2: Glycogen is a homopolymer of alpha glucose.

Only Statement 1 is correct
Only Statement 2 is correct
Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct
Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect

Question 14 of 45

14. Question

Consider the given two statements:
Statement 1: Iodine test can detect the presence of starch but not of cellulose in a given sample.
Statement 2: Starch forms helical secondary structure and can hold iodine molecules while cellulose does not contain complex helices and hence cannot hold iodine.

Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 correctly explains Statement 1
Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 does not correctly explain Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct

Question 15 of 45

15. Question

Quaternary structure is seen in proteins that:

act as biochemical catalysts
are embedded within the plasma membrane
are assembly of more than one subunits
do not have any structural role in the cell

Question 16 of 45

16. Question

Identify the correct statements:
I. The level of protein structure organization that provides the positional information of amino acids in a protein is called as the primary structure.
II. Only right handed helices are observed in proteins seen in living organisms.
III. Tertiary structure is absolutely necessary for the many biological activities of proteins.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. Only I and II } & \text { 2. Only I and III } \\
\hline \text { 3. Only II and III } & \text { 4. I, II and III } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

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Question 17 of 45

17. Question

Consider the given two statements:
Statement 1: In a double stranded DNA molecule, the amount of Guanine should be equal to Cytosine and the amount of Adenine should be equal to Thymine.
Statement 2: There are two hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thymine and three hydrogen bonds between Guanine and Cytosine.

Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 correctly explains Statement 1
Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 does not correctly explain Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct

Question 18 of 45

18. Question

In a nucleic acid:
I: A phosphate moiety links the 5′ carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide to the 1′ carbon of the sugar of the succeeding nucleotide.
II: The backbone of the strand is made up of alternate sugar and nitrogenous bases.

Only I is correct
Only Ii is correct
Both I and II are correct
Both I and II are incorrect

Question 19 of 45

19. Question

Consider the given two statements:
I. Any exposure to extreme stresses can disrupt a protein’s interaction and inevitably lead to denaturation.
II. Protein folding consists of a balance between a substantial amount of weak intra-molecular interactions within a protein

Both I and II are correct and II explains I
Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
I is correct and II is incorrect
Both I and II are incorrect

Question 20 of 45

20. Question

The metabolic pathways in a living system:
I. are linear or circular
II. are series of linked reactions
III. are characterized by a definite rate and direction of flow of metabolites through them

Only I and II are correct
Only I and III are correct
Only II and III are correct
I, II and III are correct

Question 21 of 45

21. Question

The figure given below shows the conversions of a substrate into product by an enzyme. In which one of the four options (1-4), the components of reaction labelled as A , B , C and D are identified correctly:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
& A & B & C & D \\
\hline
1. & \text{Transition state} & \text{Potential energy} & \text{Activation energy without enzyme} & \text{Activation energy with enzyme} \\
\hline
2. & \text{Potential energy} & \text{Transition state} & \text{Activation energy with enzyme} & \text{Activation energy without enzyme} \\
\hline
3. & \text{Activation energy with enzyme} & \text{Transition state} & \text{Activation energy without enzyme} & \text{Potential energy} \\
\hline
4. & \text{Potential energy} & \text{Transition state} & \text{Activation energy without enzyme} & \text{Activation energy with enzyme} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

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Question 22 of 45

22. Question

Consider the following two statements regarding enzyme action:
I. Co-factors play a crucial role in the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
II. Catalytic activity is reduced when the co-factor is removed from the enzyme.

Both I and II are correct and II explains I
Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
I is correct but II is incorrect
I is incorrect but II is correct

Question 23 of 45

23. Question

The enzymes that catalyse removal of groups from substrates by mechanisms other than hydrolysis leaving double bonds are called as:

Oxidoreductases
Hydrolases
Ligases
Lyases

Question 24 of 45

24. Question

Which of the following categories of enzyme classification are correctly matched?

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { EC 1 } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Oxidoreductases: catalyze oxidation/reduction } \\
\text { reactions }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { EC 2 } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Hydrolases: catalyze the hydrolysis of various } \\
\text { bonds }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { EC 3 } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Transferases: transfer a functional group (e.g. a } \\
\text { methyl or phosphate group) }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { EC 4 } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Lyases: cleave various bonds by means other than } \\
\text { hydrolysis and oxidation }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { EC 5 } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Isomerases: catalyze isomerization changes within } \\
\text { a single molecule }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { EC 6 } & \text { Ligases: join two molecules with covalent bonds. } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

EC 1, EC 4, EC 5 and EC 6 only
EC 2 and EC 3 only
EC 1, EC 4 and EC 6 only
EC 3, EC 4, EC 5 and EC 6 only

Question 25 of 45

25. Question

Consider the following enzymes:
I. Catalase
II. Peroxidase
III. Carboxypeptidase
Which of these enzymes require haem as a co-factor for their activity?

I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III

Question 26 of 45

26. Question

Select the right option regarding the given graph

\(
\begin{array}{ll}
\textbf{X-axis} & \textbf{Y-axis} \\
(1)\ \text{Rate of reaction} & \text{Enzymatic activity} \\
(2)\ \text{Enzymatic activity} & \text{Rate of reaction} \\
(3)\ \text{Temperature} & \text{Enzymatic activity} \\
(4)\ \text{Enzymatic activity} & \text{pH}
\end{array}
\)

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Question 27 of 45

27. Question

Identify A, B, C in the given graph for an enzyme mediated reaction:-

\(
\begin{array}{ll}
(1) \ A – \text{Velocity of reaction} & B – \text{Product concentration} \\
(2) \ \mathrm{C} – K_{\mathrm{m}} \ \text{value} & B – \text{Product concentration} \\
(3) \ \mathrm{C} – K_{\mathrm{m}} \ \text{value} & B – \frac{V_{\text{max}}}{2} \\
(4) \ A – \text{Velocity of reaction} & B – \text{Substrate concentration}
\end{array}
\)

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Question 28 of 45

28. Question

Read the following statements (A-F)
(A) Km value increases in presence of competitive inhibitor
(B) Km value of enzyme is substrate concentration at 1/2 Vmax
(C) The cofactors of many enzymes are proteins
(D) Most abundant protein in animal world is trypsin
(E) Lactose gives two molecules of glucose on hydrolysis
(F) Chitin is nitrogen containing polysaccharide
How many of the above statements are correct ?

THREE
FOUR
TWO
FIVE

Question 29 of 45

29. Question

Identify the statements as True(T) or False(F)
I. In a protein the amino acids are linked by glycosidic bonds
II. Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinic dehydrogenase
III. Enzymes require optimum pH for maximal activity
IV. Zwitter ionic form of amino acid has only positive charge

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV } \\
\hline(1) & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~F} \\
\hline(2) & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~T} \\
\hline(3) & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~F} \\
\hline(4) & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~F} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

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Question 30 of 45

30. Question

\[
\begin{array}{l}
\textbf{Statement A:} \ \text{A protein with } \alpha\text{-helix or } \beta\text{-pleated sheet represents a secondary protein structure} \\
\textbf{Statement B:} \ \text{The } \beta\text{-pleated protein structure is due to coiling of the polypeptide chains} \\
\\
\text{(1) Only statement A is correct} \\
\text{(2) Both statements A and B are correct} \\
\text{(3) Only statement B is correct} \\
\text{(4) Both statements A and B are incorrect}
\end{array}
\]

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Question 31 of 45

31. Question

\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Column A} & \textbf{Column B} \\
\hline
\text{(A) Basic amino acid} & (i) \ \text{Lysine} \\
\text{(B) Acidic amino acid} & (ii) \ \text{Aspartic acid}, \ (iii) \ \text{Glutamic acid} \\
\text{(C) Neutral amino acid} & (iv) \ \text{Alanine}, \ (v) \ \text{Glycine}, \ (vi) \ \text{Valine} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{array}{ll}
\textbf{Options:} & \\
(1) & A – v ; B – iii, vi ; C – i, ii, iv \\
(2) & A – iii, vi ; B – iv, v ; C – i, ii \\
(3) & A – i ; B – ii, iii ; C – iv, v, vi \\
(4) & A – v, i ; B – i, ii ; C – iii, iv \\
\end{array}
\)

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Question 32 of 45

32. Question

\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Column A} & \textbf{Column B} \\
\hline
\text{(A) Insulin} & \text{(iii) Protein} \\
\text{(B) Inulin} & \text{(ii) Fructose polymer} \\
\text{(C) Uridine} & \text{(iv) Nucleoside} \\
\text{(D) Glycine} & \text{(i) Simplest amino acid} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{array}{ll}
\textbf{Options:} & \\
(1) A – (iii), B – (ii), C – (iv), D – (i) \\
(2) A – (ii), B – (iii), C – (iv), D – (i) \\
(3) A – (iii), B – (iv), C – (i), D – (ii) \\
(4) A – (iii), B – (ii), C – (i), D – (iv) \\
\end{array}
\)

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Question 33 of 45

33. Question

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding action of an enzyme?

The active site of an enzyme is a specific sequence of amino acids that allows binding of substrate on the basis of size, shape and charge
Unlike inorganic catalysts, enzymes get damaged at high temperature
Enzymes have been classified into various groups based on the type of reaction they catalyse
All enzymes are made up of protein

Question 34 of 45

34. Question

\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Column A} & \textbf{Column B} \\
\hline
\text{(A) Prosthetic group} & \text{(i) Starch} \\
\text{(B) Reducing sugar} & \text{(ii) Sucrose} \\
\text{(C) Storage product} & \text{(iii) Galactose} \\
\text{(D) Zn} & \text{(iv) Haem} \\
\text{} & \text{(v) Carboxypeptidase} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{array}{ll}
\textbf{Options:} & \\
(1) & A – (v), B – (iii), C – (i), D – (ii) \\
(2) & A – (iv), B – (iii), C – (i), D – (v) \\
(3) & A – (iii), B – (ii), C – (i), D – (v) \\
(4) & A – (iv), B – (ii), C – (i), D – (v) \\
\end{array}
\)

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Question 35 of 45

35. Question

Lower value of Michaelis constant (Km) shows

Greater affinity of the enzyme for the substrate
Less affinity of the enzyme for the substrate
Enzyme is allosteric
Enzyme is non-competitive

Question 36 of 45

36. Question

In the following structure, what does R1, R2 and R3 represent?

Glycerol
R group of Fatty acids
Phosphate
Alkyl group

Question 37 of 45

37. Question

Read the following statements (A–F)
(A) Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are primary metabolites
(B) The relative abundance of carbon and hydrogen with respect to other elements is higher in any living
organisms than in earth crust
(C) Flavonoids and alkaloids are secondary metabolites
(D) Most of the elements present in a sample of earth’s crust are also present in a sample of living tissue
(E) The three essential fatty acids are linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid
(F) The components common to nucleoside as well as nucleotides are sugar and nitrogenous base
How many of the following statements are true ?

THREE
FOUR
FIVE
SIX

Question 38 of 45

38. Question

Identify the statements as true (T) or false (F)
I. In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor molecule is not chemically changed by the enzyme
II. The presence of a competitive inhibitor decreases the Km of the enzyme for the substrate
III. In proteins right handed helices are observed
IV. Proteins can not form quarternary structures

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV } \\
\hline(1) & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~T} \\
\hline(2) & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~F} \\
\hline(3) & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~T} \\
\hline(4) & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~F} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

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Question 39 of 45

39. Question

\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Column A} & \textbf{Column B} \\
\hline
\text{(A) Glucose} & \text{(iv) Hexose sugar} \\
\text{(B) RuBisCO} & \text{(i) Protein} \\
\text{(C) Chitin} & \text{(ii) Arthropods} \\
\text{(D) NAD} & \text{(iii) Niacin} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

A – (iii), B – (ii), C – (iv), D – (i)
A – (iv), B – (i), C – (iii), D – (ii)
A – (iii), B – (i), C – (ii), D – (iv)
A – (iv), B – (i), C – (ii), D – (iii)

Question 40 of 45

40. Question

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate group is attached to ___I___ carbon of the sugar residue of First
nucleotide and __II___ carbon of the sugar residue of the succeeding or next nucleotide by __III
bond

\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Option} & \textbf{Statement} \\
\hline
\text{(1)} & \text{I – 5’, II – 3’, III – phosphodiester} \\
\text{(2)} & \text{I – 5’, II – 3’, III – glycosidic} \\
\text{(3)} & \text{I – 3’, II – 5’, III – phosphodiester} \\
\text{(4)} & \text{I – 3’, II – 5’, III – glycosidic} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

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Question 41 of 45

41. Question

When we homogenize any tissues in an acid the acid soluble pool represents

Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria

Question 42 of 45

42. Question

The given compound:-

is a storage product in archaea
is the source of energy in fungi
is present in the cell walls of gram negative bacteria
is a structural component of plasma membrane

Question 43 of 45

43. Question

Why is cellulose so difficult for most animals to digest?

they don't have the proper enzyme to break the bonds between subunits
Cellulose is made up of chitin, which is indigestible
the bonds holding cellulose subunits together are extremely strong, stronger than in any other macromolecule
there are many hydrogen bonds holding the subunits together

Question 44 of 45

44. Question

Identify the incorrect statement regarding enzyme action:

Formation of [Enzyme Substrate] complex is obligatory
Enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the requirement of activation energy
Substrate need not go through a transition state if the enzyme catalyzed reaction is endothermic
Enzymes are themselves not used up in the chemical reaction catalyzed by them

Question 45 of 45

45. Question

Statement I: To analyze organic compounds in living organisms, we first take living tissue and grind it with trichloroacetic acid using a mortar and pestle.
Statement II: Al the carbon compounds that we get from living tissues can be called ‘biomolecules’.

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct.
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect
Statement-I is correct & Statement-II is incorrect
Statement-I is incorrect & Statement-II is correct

NEET BIOLOGY TEST SERIES

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