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Platelets are cell fragments that:
I. are produced from megakaryocytes in the spleen in fetal life
II. can release variety of factors involved in blood coagulation
(b)
Statement I: Incorrect
Platelets are indeed produced from megakaryocytes, but not in the spleen.
In fetal life, the liver and bone marrow are primary sites of hematopoiesis.
In adults, platelets are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes.
The spleen functions as a reservoir for platelets but does not produce them
When anti B antibodies are present in the plasma and A antigens on the surface of RBCs of a person, her blood group can be:
(b)
Which of the following would not be normal in a healthy human being?
(d)
A hemoglobin level of 15 gram per liter
❌ Not normal.
Hemoglobin is usually measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL), not per liter.
15 g/dL = 150 g/L, which is normal.
But 15 g/L = 1.5 g/dL, which is very low and indicates severe anemia.
The least common of WBCs in the human blood are:
(d)
Which of the following can be called as a ‘cascade’ process?
(c)
To begin the blood clot formation cascade, the enzyme complex required is:
(c)
To initiate the blood clotting (coagulation) cascade, the key enzyme complex is:
It is formed either via the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
Thrombokinase converts Prothrombin → Thrombin (in the presence of calcium ions, \( \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\)).
A person has type A antigen on RBC and anti-B antibodies in plasma. He can receive blood from a person with blood group:
(a)
To activate coagulation at the site of injury, certain factors that play an important role in coagulation, can be released by:
(a)
The second most common formed elements in the human blood are:
(d)
Identify the incorrect statement regarding the hemolytic disease of the newborn:
(c)
This is incorrect.
In HDN, the fetal red blood cells are destroyed by maternal antibodies → leading to:
Severe anemia
Jaundice due to high bilirubin
Enlarged liver and spleen
In severe cases, hydrops fetalis or even fetal death
So, the baby has a low, not high, red blood cell count.
Which of the following ions is vital for coagulation of blood?
(b)
The average life span of human red blood cells is
(b)
\(
\begin{aligned}
& \text { What is the percentage of proteins in plasma? }\\
&\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline 1.&10 \% & 2.&7 \% \\
\hline 3.&25 \% & 4.&92 \% \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
\)
(b)
\(
\begin{aligned}
&\text { Erythrocytes in humans are destroyed mainly in: }\\
&\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. liver and spleen } & \text { 2. heart and lungs } \\
\hline \text { 3. bone marrow } & \text { 4. kidney } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
\)
(a)
The most common WBC under normal physiological conditions are:
(a)
Exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and the cells always occurs:
(d)
All vertebrates posses a:
(a)
Identify the state in which the atria and the ventricles are when most of the ventricular filling occurs:
(c)
QRS complexes on the ECG tracings show that:
(b)
The aortic semilunar valve prevents blood from returning to the .
(a)
In a normal ECG, The T wave represents:
(c)
Cardiac output is defined as
(c)
What is the percentage of atrial blood that flows into the ventricles without atrial systole?
(b)
During the cardiac cycle:
About 70–80% of the blood from the atria flows passively into the ventricles before atrial systole.
The remaining 20–30% is pushed into the ventricles during atrial systole (atrial contraction).
So even without atrial systole, roughly 70% of ventricular filling still occurs due to pressure gradients and passive flow.
A tricuspid valve will prevent flow of blood from:
(b)
Assertion: The delay in the conduction of the impulse at the AV node is critical to the normal functioning of the human heart.
Reason: It ensures that the atria have ejected their blood into the ventricles before the ventricles contract.
(a)
Both heart rate and stroke volume in a human get doubled during exercise. His cardiac output will get:
(b)
cardiac output = stroke volume X Heart beat
Blood enters the heart because muscles of the:
(c)
If “enters the heart” = from veins into atria → 3. atria relax
If “enters the ventricles” = from atria into ventricles → 4. atria contract
The semilunar valves close at the beginning of
(d)
A trained athlete can achieve a maximal cardiac output of:
(c)
\(
\begin{aligned}
& \text { A four chambered heart is not seen in: } \\
& \begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. Amphibians } & \text { 2. Crocodiles } \\
\hline \text { 3. Birds } & \text { 4. Mammals } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
\)
(a)
A closed circulatory system is found in:
(b)
Pulmonary veins return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to:
(b)
The correct path of circulation of the blood in the human heart is represented by:
(b)
The right ventricle of the heart pumps blood into the:
(a)
The atria receive:
(d)
The human heart comprises two atria:Wikipedia
Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated venous blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.Tardigrade
Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
While the left atrium receives oxygenated blood, it’s important to note that this blood is still returning to the heart via veins—specifically, the pulmonary veins. Therefore, both atria receive blood through veins, making the term “venous blood” applicable to both chambers.
In NEET examinations, the terminology often emphasizes the type of vessels involved. Since both atria receive blood from veins, the term “venous blood” is used to describe the blood entering the atria, regardless of its oxygenation status. This aligns with the NEET-prep answer key, where Option 4: Venous blood is considered the correct choice.
It’s essential to understand that in this context, “venous blood” refers to blood entering the heart through veins, encompassing both deoxygenated and oxygenated blood, depending on the specific atrium.
The autonomic regulation of cardiac activity is carried out by a neural center located in:
(a)
Sympathetic stimulation would lead to:
(d)
Normal activities of the human heart are regulated:
(a)
The cardiac output can be increased by:
I. Sympathetic neural signals
II. Adrenal cortical hormones
(a)
These increase heart rate and contractility via norepinephrine.
Result: Increased cardiac output.
Clearly correct.
These include:
Aldosterone (regulates sodium/water balance)
Cortisol (affects metabolism, stress, etc.)
They may have indirect long-term effects on blood volume and pressure, but they do not directly affect cardiac output in the short term.
⚠️ Confusion often arises between adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla:
Adrenal medulla releases adrenaline, which does increase cardiac output.
But the question asks specifically about adrenal cortical hormones.
The build-up of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls is known as:
(b)
Most cases of CAD result from:
(c)
A chest pain or pressure, usually due to not enough blood flow to the heart muscle, is known as:
(c)
Given below are four statements (a-d) regarding human blood circulatory system:
(a) Arteries are thick-walled and have narrow lumen as compared to veins.
(b) Angina is acute chest pain when the blood circulation to the brain is reduced.
(c) Persons with blood group AB can donate blood to any person with any blood group under the ABO system.
(d) Calcium ions play a very important role in blood clotting.
Which two of the above statements are correct?
(d)
(b) Angina is acute chest pain when the blood circulation to the brain is reduced.
❌ Incorrect
Angina is chest pain due to reduced blood supply to the heart muscles, not the brain.
(c) Persons with blood group AB can donate blood to any person with any blood group under the ABO system.
❌ Incorrect
AB is the universal recipient, not universal donor.
O blood group is the universal donor.
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l||l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Eosinophils } & \text { (i) } & \text { Immune response } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Basophils } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Phagocytosis } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Neutrophils } & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Release histaminase, destructive } \\
\text { enzymes }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Lymphocytes } & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Release granules containing } \\
\text { histamine }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Options:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { (a) } & \text { (b) } & \text { (c) } & \text { (d) } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { (iv) } & \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iv) } & \text { (iii) } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { (ii) } & \text { (i) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (i) } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
(d)
Persons with ‘ AB ‘ blood group are called as “Universal recipients”. This is due to:
(b)
Identify the group in which the formed elements of the human blood are arranged in order of increasing size:
(b)
State of the heart when it is not pumping blood effectively to meet needs of body is called as:
(d)
Histamine in the blood is secreted by:
(d)
What is the average duration of diastole and systole in a cardiac cycle lasting 0.8 seconds?
(c)
This reflects the fact that the heart spends more time in relaxation (diastole) than contraction (systole), allowing chambers to fill with blood.
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { a. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Tricuspid } \\
\text { valve }
\end{array} & \text { (i) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Between left atrium and left } \\
\text { ventricle }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { b. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Bicuspid } \\
\text { valve }
\end{array} & \text { (ii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Between right ventricle and } \\
\text { pulmonary artery }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { c. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Semilunar } \\
\text { valve }
\end{array} & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Between right atrium and right } \\
\text { ventricle }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Options:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { a } & \text { b } & \text { c } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { iii } & \text { i } & \text { ii } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { i } & \text { iii } & \text { ii } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { i } & \text { ii } & \text { iii } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { ii } & \text { i } & \text { iii } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
(a)
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