Plant Growth and Development NCERT

In Section 13.1.1 NCERT says that plant growth is unique. What is the character of plant growth being referred to?

Match Column I [phase of growth] and Column II [cell characteristics] and choose the correct answer from the codes given:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { COLUMN I } & \text { COLUMN II } \\
\hline \text { A } & \text { Meristematic } & \begin{array}{l}
\text {a. Increased vacuolation, new cell wall } \\
\text { deposition }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { B } & \text { Elongation } & \text { b. Thin cellulosic wall with abundant plasmodesmatal connections } \\
\hline \text { C } & \text { Maturation } & \text { c. Maximal wall thickening } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Codes:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { a } & \text { b } & \text { c } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { b } & \text { c } & \text { a } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { b } & \text { a } & \text { c } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { c } & \text { b } & \text { a } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the arithmetic growth?

Plant growth and further development is intimately linked to water status of the plant because:
A. Turgidity of cells helps in extension growth
B. It provides medium for enzymatic activity

Select the correct statements based on the information shown below in the diagrammatic representation of location of root apical meristem, shoot apical meristem and vascular cambium where the arrows exhibit the direction of growth of cells and organs:

Statement I: The root apical meristem and the shoot apical meristem are responsible for the primary growth of the plants and principally contribute to the elongation of the plants along their axis.
Statement II: In dicots and gymnosperms, the lateral meristems, vascular cambium and cork-cambium appear later in life and cause the increase in the girth of the organs in which they are active.

NCERT in section 13.1.5 emphasizes an optimum temperature range for living organisms. The optimum temperature range for proper growth in most plants is:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline 1.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}-100^{\circ} \mathrm{C} & 2.15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}-20^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\
\hline 3.28^{\circ} \mathrm{C}-30^{\circ} \mathrm{C} & 4 . \text { Greater than } 45^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Consider the given diagram and select the correct inference:

Based on the given diagram of root tip, which of the following statements will be true?

I: The region shown as A to G is the zone of elongation.
II. The portion of the axis which is undergoing the phase of maturation lies more distal to the phase of elongation.

The growth in plants can be best expressed as (refer NCERT Section 15.2):

Plasticity in plant growth means that

Assertion: Plants retain the capacity for unlimited growth throughout their life.
Reason: Plants have meristems at certain locations in their body.

The given curve:-

I: is characteristic of living organism growing in a natural environment.
II: is typical for all cells, tissues and organs of a plant.

The exponential growth in plants can be expressed as: \( \mathrm{W}_1=\mathrm{W}_0 \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{rt}} \) where ‘ e ‘ denotes:

The diagram given shows heterophylly in Larkspur. What will be true regarding this phenomenon?

I: It is more important for plants than most animals.
II. Plants have open growth and development.

Consider the given two statements:
I: Differentiation in plants is open.
II: Cells/tissues arising out of the same meristem have different structures at maturity.

Development is a term that includes all changes that a plant goes through during its life cycle:

The diagram shows the schematic representation of an experiment that made bioassay of auxins possible. This experiment was done by:

Difference in shapes of leaves produced in air and those produced in water represents heterophyllous development due to environment in:

Identify Incorrectly matched pair:-

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { PGR } & \text { Chemical Nature } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Auxins } & \text { Indole compounds } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Cytokinin } & \text { Pyrimidine derivatives } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { ABA } & \text { Carotenoid derivative } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Gibberellic acid } & \text { Terpenes } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Identify Incorrectly matched pair:-

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Scientist } & \text { PGR discovery } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Cousins } & \text { Ethylene } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Kurosawa } & \text { Gibberellin } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Skoog and Miller} & \text { ABA } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { F. W. Went} & \text { Auxin } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

By continually removing apical buds, horticulturists can remodel a tree or a shrub into remarkable shapes as shown in the given figure. The reason is:

Match the following:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { A. IAA } & \text { i. Herring sperm DNA } \\
\hline \text { B. ABA } & \text { ii. Bolting } \\
\hline \text { C. Ethylene } & \text { iii. Stomatal closure } \\
\hline \text { D. GA } & \text { iv. Weed-free lawns } \\
\hline \text { E. Cytokinins } & \text { v. Ripening of fruits } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Options:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { iv } & \text { iii } & \text { V } & \text { ii } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { V } & \text { iii } & \text { iv } & \text { ii } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { iv } & \text { i } & \text { v } & \text { iii } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { V } & \text { iii } & \text { ii } & \text { i } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The term synergistic action of hormones refers to

Identify the correct statements regarding auxins?
I: Auxin stimulates cell elongation by stimulating wall-loosening factors, such as expansins, to loosen cell walls.
II: When auxin and cytokinin are applied to callus, rooting can be generated with higher auxin to cytokinin ratios, shoot growth is induced by lower auxin to cytokinin ratios.
III: Auxin induces the formation and organization of phloem and xylem.
IV: In low concentrations, auxin can inhibit ethylene formation and transport of precursor in plants; however, high concentrations can induce the synthesis of ethylene.

The removal or inactivation of which of the following will lead to germination of many types of dormant seeds?

Consider the given statements:
I. Auxin was first isolated from human urine.
II. They are generally produced by the growing apices of the stems and the roots.
III. IAA and IBA are synthetic auxins.
IV. NAA and 2,4-D have been isolated from plants.

Consider the given two statements:
I: Removal of shoot tips is widely applied in hedge making and tea plantations.
II: Removal of shoot tips usually results in the growth of lateral buds.

Auxins:
I. promote flowering in pineapples
II. induce parthenocarpy in tomatoes
III. like 2,4-D kill monocot weeds
IV. control xylem differentiation

Consider the given two statements:
I: Spraying sugarcane crop with gibberellins increases the yield by as much as 20 tonnes per acre.
II: Sugarcane stores carbohydrates as sugar in their stems and spraying sugarcane crop with gibberellins increases the length of the stem.

How many of the following can be characterized as action of gibberellins on plants?
I. They can be used to increase the length of grape stalks.
II. They can elongate and improve the shape of apple.
III. They speed up malting process in brewing industry.
IV. They hasten the maturity period of juvenile conifers.
V. They promote bolting in many plants with rosette habit.

Cytokinins:
I. Help produce new leaves, chloroplasts in leaves, lateral shoot growth and adventitious root formation.
II. Help overcome the apical dominance.
III. Promote nutrient mobilisation, which helps in the delay of leaf senescence.

What will be true for plant growth regulator involved in the responses in plants as shown in the given figure?

\(
\begin{aligned}
&\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { I: } & \text { The PGR is ABA. } \\
\hline \text { II: } & \text { Chemically, it is a terpene. } \\
\hline \text { III: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Seed germination is inhibited by it in antagonism } \\
\text { with gibberellin. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { IV: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { It is also produced in the roots in response to } \\
\text { decreased soil water potential. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}\\
&\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Only I, II and III } & 2 . & \text { Only I, II and IV } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Only I, III and IV } & 4 . & \text { Only II, III and IV } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
\)

Consider the given two statements:
I: The most widely used compound as source of ethylene is ethephon.
II: Ethephon in an aqueous solution is readily absorbed and transported within the plant and releases ethylene slowly.

Which of the following is not a use of plant PGR ethylene?

Match the following concerning the activity/function and the phytohormone involved:-
\(
\begin{aligned}
&\text {  }\\
&\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Fruit ripener } & \text { (i) } & \text { Abscisic acid } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Herbicide } & \text { (ii) } & \text { GA 3 } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Bolting agent } & \text { (iii) } & \text { 2, 4-D } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Stress hormone } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Ethephon } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
\)
\(
\begin{aligned}
& \text { Select the correct option from following:- } \\
& \begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { (a) } & \text { (b) } & \text { (c) } & \text { (d) } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } & \text { (i) } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (i) } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { (iv) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (i) } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { (iv) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (i) } & \text { (iii) } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
\)

The ripening of fruits can be accelerated by

In plants, oxygen is utilised in

Which of the following is not true w.r.t. growth in organisms ?

Apical dominance means:-

Which phytohormone would we use if we are asked to delay the ripening of fruits so as to extend the period for marketing?

All of the following are functional applications of ethylene, except

Cytokinins:-

In plants, relative growth can be represented as

Select the odd one out w.r.t. the cells of maturation zone.

Development is the sum of two processes that are