Neural Control and Coordination NCERT

A nerve-net, a network of neurons, makes up the neural organization in:

Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and select the correct match from the codes given:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Column I } & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { A. Peripheral } \\
\text { neural system }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { P. Comprises of all nerves associated } \\
\text { with brain and spinal cord }
\end{array} \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { B. Somatic } \\
\text { neural system }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Q. Relays impulses from CNS to } \\
\text { skeletal muscles }
\end{array} \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { C. Visceral } \\
\text { neural system }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { R. Transmits impulse from CNS to } \\
\text { involuntary organs and smooth muscles }
\end{array} \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { D. Autonomic } \\
\text { neural system }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { S. Part of PNS where impulses travel } \\
\text { from CNS to the viscera and from the } \\
\text { viscera to the CNS }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Codes:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { P } & \text { Q } & \text { R } & \text { S } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { Q } & \text { R } & \text { S } & \text { P } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { R } & \text { S } & \text { P } & \text { Q } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { S } & \text { P } & \text { Q } & \text { R } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

In a neuron, Nissl’s granules are seen in:

I. Cell body
II. Dendrites
III. Axon

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. I and II only } & \text { 2. I and III only } \\
\hline \text { 3. II and III only } & \text { 4. I, II and III } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and select the correct match from the codes given:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { COLUMN I } & & \text { COLUMN II } \\
\hline \text { A } & \text { Multipolar neuron } & \text { P } & \text { Embryonic stage } \\
\hline \text { B } & \text { Bipolar neuron } & \text { Q } & \text { Retina } \\
\hline \text { C } & \text { Unipolar neuron } & \text { R } & \text { Cerebral cortex } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Code:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { P } & \text { Q } & \text { R } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { Q } & \text { R } & \text { P } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { R } & \text { Q } & \text { P } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { R } & \text { P } & \text { Q } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Consider the given statements:
I: Myelinated nerve fibres are enveloped with Schwann cells, which form a myelin sheath around the axon.
II: Unmyelinated nerve fibre is not enclosed by a Schwann cell or a myelin sheath.
III: Myelinated nerve fibres are found in spinal and cranial nerves.
IV: Unmyelinated nerve fibres are commonly found in autonomous and somatic neural systems.

Assertion: Neurons are excitable cells.
Reason: Their membranes are in a polarised state.

When the neuron is not conducting any impulse, i.e., resting, the axonal membrane:

The resting axonal membrane is impermeable to:
I. Sodium ions
II. Potassium ions
III. Negatively charges proteins present in the axoplasm

Each time the sodium-potassium pump functions, it actively transports:

In a resting axonal membrane:

Consider the given statements:
I. When a stimulus is applied at a site on the polarised axonal membrane, the membrane at that site becomes freely permeable to sodium ions.
II. A rapid influx of sodium at this point leads to reversal of polarity and the membrane at the site is said to be depolarised.
III. The electric potential difference at the site is called the action potential which is in fact termed as nerve impulse.

Identify the correct statements regarding the sequence of events taking place during transmission of impulse across a chemical synapse as shown in the given figure:

I: The action potential, generated due to the depolarization of the axonal membrane, arrives at the axon terminal.
II. Potassium ions enter the synaptic knob.
III. Synaptic vesicles are activated and release neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft.
IV. Neurotransmitter binds to the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane.

Match each item in COLUMN I [part of the brain] with one in COLUMN II [function] and select the answer from the codes given below:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
& \text{COLUMN I} & & \text{COLUMN II} \\
\hline
\text{A.} & \text{Amygdala} & \text{a.} & \text{Relays motor and sensory signals to} \\
& & & \text{the cerebral cortex} \\
\hline
\text{B.} & \text{Hippocampus} & \text{b.} & \text{Reflex centers involving vision and} \\
& & & \text{hearing} \\
\hline
\text{C.} & \text{Thalamus} & \text{c.} & \text{Plays a key role in the processing of} \\
& & & \text{emotions} \\
\hline
\text{D.} & \text{Corpora quadrigemina} & \text{d.} & \text{Formation of new memories and is} \\
& & & \text{also associated with learning and emotions} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Codes:-
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { c } & \text { d } & \text { b } & \text { a } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { d } & \text { c } & \text { a } & \text { b } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { c } & \text { d } & \text { a } & \text { b } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { d } & \text { c } & \text { b } & \text { a } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Match each item in COLUMN I [part of the brain] with one in COLUMN II [function] and select the answer from the codes given below:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { COLUMN I } & & \text { COLUMN II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Medulla } \\
\text { oblongata }
\end{array} & \text { a. } & \text { Motor control } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Pons varoli } & \text { b. } & \text { Hunger center } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Cerebellum } & \text { c. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Bridge between cerebellum and rest } \\
\text { of brain }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Hypothalamus } & \text { d. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Gastric secretions, respiratory } \\
\text { rhythm center }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Codes:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { c } & \text { d } & \text { b } & \text { a } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { d } & \text { c } & \text { a } & \text { b } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { c } & \text { d } & \text { a } & \text { b } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { d } & \text { c } & \text { b } & \text { a } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Consider the given two statements:
I: The cerebral cortex, referred to as the grey matter, is thrown into prominent folds.
II: The cerebral white mater contains motor areas, and association area.

Consider the given two statements:
I. The association areas of the cerebral cortex are neither clearly sensory nor motor in function.
II: The association areas are responsible for complex functions like intersensory associations, memory and communication.

What would be true regarding the structure shown in the given figure?

The structure highlighted in orange colour in the figure is:

All the following statements with respect to the propagation of action potentials are correct except:

The change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value is called as:

During the propagation of a nerve impulse, the action potential results from the movement of

Most of the neurons in the cerebral cortex are:

Consider the two statements:
I. Electrical synapses are rare in our system.
II. Electrical synapses conduct impulse faster than the chemical synapse.

Read the following statements [A-D]
A. Neural system coordinates and integrates functions as well as metabolic and homeostatic activities
of all organs.
B. Cerebrum is transversely divided into 2 halves.
C. Pons consist of fiber tracts that interconnect different regions of brain
D. Limbic system is concerned with olfaction
How many above statements are correct ?

Arrange the following statements in correct sequence w.r.t nerve impulse generation

a. Rise in stimulus induced Na+ influx
b. Stimulus application
c. Membrane is said to be polarized
d. K+ channel activation

Identify A, B and C in the sagittal section of the human brain:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Corpus callosum } & \text { Cerebellum } & \text { Pons } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Cerebellar peduncle } & \text { Cerebrum } & \text { Medulla } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Corpus callosum } & \text { Cerebrum } & \text { Pons } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Corpus luteum } & \text { Cerebellum } & \text { Medulla } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following statements is false?

Pick out the correct combihation:-
\(
\begin{array}{ll}
\text { Column I } & \text { Column II } \\
\text { A. Unipolar neuron } & \text { I. In cerebral cortex } \\
\text { B. Bipolar neuron } & \text { II. In embryonic stage } \\
\text { C. Multipolar neuron } & \text { III. In retina of eye }
\end{array}
\)

\(
\mathrm{Na}^{+}-\mathrm{K}^{+} \text {pump }
\)

I. Needs energy (ATP) to work
II. Expels \( 3 \mathrm{Na}^{+} \) for every \( 2 \mathrm{K}^{+} \) ions imported
III. Works against a concentration gradient
IV. Maintains resting potential

Neurons are excitable cells due to

In the resting state, the axon membrane is ________ with more ___________ charged ions outside than inside.
This unequal distribution of ions is due to (1) the selective permeability of the membrane, which forms an almost
impenetrable barrier to ________ and (2) the action of the ____________, which pumps__________ \( \mathrm{Na}^{+} \)
out of neuron for every ________\( \mathrm{K}^{+} \) brought in.

Identify the correct statements regarding the events A and B in the given diagram:

I:  A is depolarization and is caused by the influx of sodium ions.
II:  B is repolarization and is caused by the efflux of potassium ions.

Which of the following statements is false about the electrical synapse?

I. At electrical synapses, the membranes of pre and post synaptic neurons are in very close proximity
II. Electrical current can flow directly from one neuron into the other across the synapses
III. Transmission of an impulse across electrical synapses is very similar to impulse conduction along single axon.
IV. Electrical synapses pass electrical signal between cells with the use of Ach
V. Electrical synapses are fast
VI. Electrical synapses are rare in our system

Choose the incorrect statement

Which of the following statements is correct?

The above diagram can be used to show the functional organization of the human nervous system. Identify 1 to 5

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \mathbf{1} & \mathbf{2} & \mathbf{3} & \mathbf{4} & \mathbf{5} \\
\hline \text { PNS } & \text { CNS } & \text { ANS } & \text { Sympathetic N.S} & \text { Parasympathetic N.S } \\
\hline \text { ANS } & \text { CNS } & \text { PNS } & \text { Sympathetic N.S} & \text { Parasympathetic N.S } \\
\hline \text { CNS } & \text { PNS } & \text { ANS } & \text { Sympathetic N.S} & \text { Parasympathetic N.S } \\
\hline \text { ANS } & \text { PNS } & \text { CNS } & \text { Sympathetic N.S} & \text { Parasympathetic N.S} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Identify the statements as true (T) or false (F)
I. Cerebral cortex has sensory and motor areas
II. Cerebrum wraps around thalamus
III. Occipital lobe interprets the sensation of light.
IV. Thalamus is for sensory and motor signalling

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \mathrm{I} & \mathrm{II} & \mathrm{III} & \mathrm{IV} \\
\hline(1) & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~T} \\
\hline(2) & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~T} \\
\hline(3) & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~T} \\
\hline(4) & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{~T} & \mathrm{~F} & \mathrm{~T} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The accompanying diagram show the structure of neuron. Identify A to E.

\(
\begin{array}{lccc}
\textbf{A} & \textbf{B} & \textbf{C} & \textbf{D} \\
\text{(1) Nerve fibre} & \text{Cyton or cell body} & \text{Schwann cell} & \text{Node of Ranvier} \\
\text{(2) Dendrites} & \text{Cyton or cell body} & \text{Schwann cell} & \text{Node of Ranvier} \\
\text{(3) Dendrites} & \text{Nerve cell} & \text{Schwann cell} & \text{Node of Ranvier} \\
\text{(4) Dendrites} & \text{Cyton or cell body} & \text{Nerve cell} & \text{Node of Ranvier}
\end{array}
\)

A : Cerebral cortex is referred to as gray matter due to its grayish appearance
R : Myelinated nerve fibers are concentrated in the cerebral cortex.
In light of the above statements select the correct option

Which of the following shows the correct arrangement of fibres in above diagram –
\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \mathbf{A} & \mathbf{B} & \mathbf{C} & \mathbf{D} & \mathbf{E} \\
\hline \text { Afferent } & \text { Efferent } & \text { Somatic motor } & \text { Autonomic } & \text { Sympathetic } \\
\hline \text { Efferent } & \text { Afferent } & \text { Somatic motor } & \text { Autonomic } & \text { Sympathetic } \\
\hline \text { Afferent } & \text { Efferent } & \text { Autonomic } & \text { Somatic Motor } & \text { Sympathetic } \\
\hline \text { Efferent } & \text { Afferent } & \text { Autonomic } & \text { Somatic Motor } & \text { Sympathetic } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

I. Cerebellum has very convoluted surface in order to provide the additional space for more neurons
II. The medulla is connected to the spinal cord
III. Medulla contains controlling centres for respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretion

Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to medulla ?
I. It contains “vomiting centre”
II. It contains respiratory rhythm centre.
III. It contain centres to control personality
IV. It controls gastric secretions and cardiovascular reflexes

The correct sequence meninges from inner to outerside is :-

Five events in the transmission of nerve impulse across the synapse
A. Opening of specific ion channels allows the entry of ions, a new action potential is generated in the post-synaptic
neuron.
B. Neurotransmitter binds to the receptor on post synaptic membrane
C. Synaptic vesicle fuses with pre-synaptic membrane, neurotransmitter releases into synaptic cleft.
D. Depolarization of pre-synaptic membrane
E. Arrival of action potential at axon terminal.
In which sequence do these events occur?

Study the diagram of synapse:-

I. Which numbered label indicate the location of the receptor molecules.
II. Which number points to a synaptic vesicles.
III. Which number points to neurotransmitter.
IV. Which number points to synaptic cleft.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV } \\
\hline \text { C } & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { D } \\
\hline \text { B } & \text { A } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline \text { C } & \text { A } & \text { D } & \text { B } \\
\hline \text { C } & \text { D } & \text { A } & \text { B } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)