Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants NCERT

In the diagrammatic representation of L.S. of a flower:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Statement } \\
\text { I: }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { A is anther and collectively anthers form the } \\
\text { androecium of the flower. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Statement } \\
\text { II: }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { B is the site for landing of pollens during } \\
\text { pollination, C is style, and D after fertilisation } \\
\text { becomes a fruit. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and for commerce and trade is called:

Consider the following statements regarding floral primordium:
I: It is formed at the shoot apical meristem
II: The development of flowers is dependent on genetics, PGR, and environmental conditions.
Of the two statements:

In an angiosperm, the structure that develops and becomes a pollen sac is called:

Given below is a three-dimensional cut section of an anther:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Statement I: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { The bilobed nature of an anther is very } \\
\text { distinct in the given section. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Statement II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { The anther is a two-sided [bigonal] } \\
\text { structure consisting of four } \\
\text { microsporangia located at the corners, two } \\
\text { in each lobe. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The layers in the walls of the microsporangium that helps in the dehiscence of anther to release the pollen include:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { I. } & \text { Epidermis } \\
\hline \text { II. } & \text { Endothecium } \\
\hline \text { III. } & \text { Middle layers } \\
\hline \text { IV. } & \text { Tapetum } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Tapetum:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline 1 . & \text { is the outermost layer in the wall of microsporangium } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { helps in the protection of the pollen grains } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { helps in dehiscence of anther } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { has cells that generally have more than one nucleus } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Identify A-D in the given enlarged view of one microsporangium showing wall layers:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Epidermis } & \text { Endothecium } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Middle } \\
\text { layers }
\end{array} & \text { Tapetum } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Epithelium } & \text { Endothelium } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Middle } \\
\text { layers }
\end{array} & \text { Tapetum } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Endothecium } & \text { Epidermis } & \text { Tapetum } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Middle } \\
\text { layers }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Epithelium } & \text { Endothelium } & \text { Tapetum } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Middle } \\
\text { layers }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The given diagram shows a mature dehisced anther.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Statement } \\
\text { I: }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { This process is coordinated precisely with } \\
\text { pollen differentiation, floral development, and } \\
\text { flower opening. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Statement } \\
\text { II: }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Anther dehiscence is the final function of the } \\
\text { anther that causes the release of pollen grains. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

During microsporogenesis, meiosis occurs in:

The outer hard layer of the pollen wall is made up of:

Regarding the given diagram:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Statement } \\
\text { I: }
\end{array} & \text { It shows a pollen tetrad. } \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Statement } \\
\text { II: }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { The four microspores are contained by } \\
\text { callose walls. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Study the stages of maturation of microspore into a pollen grain and select the correct statements:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Statement } \\
\text { I: }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { The spindle formation as seen in A is strictly } \\
\text { symmetric. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Statement } \\
\text { II: }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { The larger cell [B] is the generative cell and } \\
\text { the smaller cell [C] is the vegetative cell. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

‘Germ pore’ in pollen in angiosperms:

What is true about the vegetative cell in the pollen tube?

Identify the incorrect statement regarding Parthenium hysterophorus:

At what temperature pollens can be stored for years in liquid nitrogen?

In a multicarpellary syncarpous ovary:

Match the structure in COLUMN I with the description in COLUMN II and choose your answer from the codes given below:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Column I} \\
\end{array} & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Stigma } & \text { a. } & \text { Landing platform for pollen grains } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Ovary } & \text { b. } & \text { Basal bulged part of the pistil } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Placenta } & \text { c. } & \text { Part of the ovary where funiculus attaches } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Ovule } & \text { d. } & \text { Megasporangium } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Codes:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { a } & \text { b } & \text { c } & \text { d } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { a } & \text { c } & \text { b } & \text { d } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { b } & \text { a } & \text { d } & \text { c } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { d } & \text { c } & \text { b } & \text { a } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

From among the sets of terms given below, identify those that are associated with the gynoecium.

Match each item in Table I with one in Table II and select the correct match from the codes given:

Table II
P. A dissected flower of Hibiscus showing pistil where other floral parts have been removed
Q. Multicarpellary, syncarpous pistil of Papaver
R. Multicarpellary, apocarpous gynoecium of Michelia

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
& \textbf{A} & \textbf{B} & \textbf{C} \\
\hline
1. & P & Q & R \\
\hline
2. & P & R & Q \\
\hline
3. & Q & R & P \\
\hline
4. & R & P & Q \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Starting from the innermost part, the correct sequence of parts in an ovule are:

Consider the following two statements regarding the integuments of an ovule:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { I: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Angiosperms are generally bitegmic and } \\
\text { gymnosperms unitegmic }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { The integuments develop into the seed coat when the } \\
\text { ovule matures after } \\
\text { fertilization. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Of the two statements:

Regarding the mature monosporic female gametophyte of angiosperms:

Regarding part I of the diagram:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Statement I: } & \text { A is the Chalazal end. } \\
\hline \text { Statement II: } & \text { B is the microspore mother cell, } \mathrm{C} \text { is the microspore dyad and } \mathrm{D} \text { is the microspore tetrad. } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Choose the correct statement from the following:

Wind-pollinated flowers are characterized by the following except:

Regarding part II of the diagram:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Statement I: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { It shows the two, four, and eighth nucleate } \\
\text { stages of the embryo sac. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Statement II: } & \text { The divisions are mitotic and free nuclear. } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The diagram shows stages in embryo development in a dicot where A, B, and C respectively are:

The plant shown in the given diagram is most likely to be pollinated by:

Embryos of monocotyledons possess only one ___A____. In the grass family the cotyledon is called ____B___
that is situated towards one side (lateral) of the embryonal axis. At its lower end, the embryonal axis has the
radical and root cap enclosed in an undifferentiated sheath called ____C___.
The portion of the embryonal axis above the level of attachment of scutellum is the ____D___ which has a shoot apex enclosed in a foliar structure called ____E____.

Regarding part III of the diagram:

Statement I: It represents mature embryo-sac or the female gametophyte in an angiosperm.
Statement II: A is the micropylar end and B is the Chalazal end
Statement III: C guides the entry of the pollen tube into the embryo sac.
Statement IV: D is the polar nuclei and E is the central cell.
Statement V: F is the egg cell.
Statement VI: G is the antipodals and H is special cellular thickenings.

The correct Statements are:

From the statements given below, choose the option that is true for a typical female gametophyte of a flowering plant:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { i. } & \text { It is 8-nucleate and 7-celled at maturity } \\
\hline \text { ii. } & \text { It is free-nuclear during the development } \\
\hline \text { iii. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { It is situated inside the integument but outside the } \\
\text { nucellus }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { iv. } & \text { It has an egg apparatus situated at the chalazal end } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

In the given diagram showing the structure of a monocot seed:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Statement I: } & \text { A is pericarp. } \\
\hline \text { Statement II: } & \text { B is the cotyledon of the monocot seed. } \\
\hline \text { Statement III: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { C is triploid in nature and develops before } \\
\text { B. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The diagram shows:

Plants have developed many mechanisms to encourage cross-pollination that include:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { I. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Asynchrony between pollen release and stigma } \\
\text { receptivity }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { II. } & \text { Placing of pollen and stigma at different positions } \\
\hline \text { III. } & \text { Self-incompatibility } \\
\hline \text { IV. } & \text { Dioecy } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
What would be true regarding these mechanisms?

From among the situations given below, choose the one that prevents both autogamy and geitonogamy.

Whether a pollen grain will be able to germinate on a stigma is primarily decided by:

In the diagram identify A to D :

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Synergid } & \text { Polar nuclei } & \text { Male gamete } & \text { Antipodal } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Synergid } & \text { PEN } & \text { Male gamete } & \text { Antipodal } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Antipodal } & \text { Polar nuclei } & \text { Egg cell } & \text { Synergid } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Antipodal } & \text { PEN } & \text { Egg cell } & \text { Synergid } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The diagram shows the false fruits of apple and strawberry.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Statement I: } & \text { False fruits develop only from the ovary. } \\
\hline \text { Statement II: } & \text { A is Thalamus and B is Achene. } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

In the given Diagram Identify Correct option regarding  A to D

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
& \text{A} & \text{B} & \text{C} & \text{D} \\
\hline
\text{1.} & \text{Synergid} & \text{Polar nuclei} & \text{Male gamete} & \text{Antipodal} \\
\hline
\text{2.} & \text{Synergid} & \text{PEN} & \text{Male gamete} & \text{Antipodal} \\
\hline
\text{3.} & \text{Antipodal} & \text{Polar nuclei} & \text{Egg cell} & \text{Synergid} \\
\hline
\text{4.} & \text{Plasma membrane} & \text{Synergids} & \text{Filiform apparatus} & \text{Male gametes} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The diagram of NCERT given below shows two types of flowers in a certain plant:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Statement I: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Cleistogamous flowers have an advantage } \\
\text { and a disadvantage over chasmogamous } \\
\text { flowers. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Statement II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Seed set is assured even in the absence of } \\
\text { pollinators but the amount of genetic } \\
\text { variations is less in cleistogamous flowers } \\
\text { when compared to the chasmogamous } \\
\text { flowers. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Assertion (A): } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { An apomixis is a form of asexual } \\
\text { reproduction that mimics sexual } \\
\text { reproduction. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Reason (R): } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { There is no fertilisation in apomicts } \\
\text { plants and they do not produce any seeds. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

The diagram shows a fertilised embryo sac where:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Statement I: } & \text { A is diploid and B is triploid } \\
\hline \text { Statement II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { C are degenerating antipodal cells and D } \\
\text { are degenerating synergids }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Identify A – D in the diagram showing a typical dicot embryo:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Radicle } & \text { Epicotyl } & \text { Plumule } & \text { Root cap } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Radicle } & \text { Epicotyl } & \text { Plumule } & \text { Coleoptile } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Plumule } & \text { Hypocotyl } & \text { Radicle } & \text { Root cap } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Plumule } & \text { Hypocotyl } & \text { Radicle } & \text { Coleoptile } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the given statement/s regarding embryogenesis in angiosperms is/are correct ?

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { I: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Embryo develops at the chalazal end of the embryo } \\
\text { sac where the zygote is situated. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Development of a zygote usually occurs after some } \\
\text { endosperm formation. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

In the Given Diagram:-

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Statement I: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { I shows the entry of the pollen tube into a } \\
\text { synergid under the guidance of A. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Statement II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { II shows the discharge of male gametes } \\
\text { into a synergid. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Identify A – D in the diagram showing L.S. of an embryo of grass:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Perisperm } & \text { Coleoptile } & \text { Epiblast } & \text { Coleorrhiza } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Scutellum } & \text { Coleoptile } & \text { Epiblast } & \text { Coleorrhiza } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Scutellum } & \text { Hypocotyl } & \text { Hypoblast } & \text { Coleoptile } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Scutellum } & \text { Hypocotyl } & \text { Hypoblast } & \text { Coleoptile } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Double fertilization, a characteristic of angiosperms, results in the formation of:

In a fertilised embryo sac, the haploid, diploid, and triploid structures are: