Chemical Coordination and Integration NCERT

Consider the two statements:
Assertion (A): Apart from the organised endocrine glands, hormones are secreted by other parts of the human body as well.
Reason (R): Hormone is any non-nutrient chemical which acts as intercellular messenger and is produced in trace amounts.

Somatostatin from the hypothalamus:

Which of the following is an antagonistic pair of hormones?

Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Hyposecretion of growth hormone in } \\
\text { childhood }
\end{array} & \text { Dwarfism } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Hyposecretion of growth hormone in } \\
\text { adulthood }
\end{array} & \text { Cretinism } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Hypersecretion of growth hormone in } \\
\text { childhood }
\end{array} & \text { Gigantism } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Hypersecretion of growth hormone in } \\
\text { adulthood }
\end{array} & \text { Acromegaly } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Pars distalis is:

Read the given statements and choose the correct
option.
A: Neural system provides point-to-point coordination among organs.
B: The response of chemical coordination is quick but short-lived

The function of aldosterone is mainly:

In males, androgens like testosterone secreted by Leydig cells in testes do not:

Observe the following figures. Identify A to D:-

Go through the below diagrammatic representation of the mechanism of action for 2 categories of hormones. In which
of the following options correct answers for blanks A to I are indicated.

Observe the following diagrams and identify alphabetized items:-

What will be true for A, B, C and D as shown in the given figure?

I. The glands located in the region A play a very important role in calcium homeostasis.
II. The gland B increases in size from puberty to adulthood and then decreases in size in old age.
III. C is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland.
IV. D is kidney and does not produce any hormone.

Identify the correct statement regarding the pineal gland or the hormone secreted by it:

Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { MSH } & \text { Regulation of pigmentation of skin } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Oxytocin } & \text { Parturition and milk ejection } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { ADH } & \text { Increases water loss through urine } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Thymosins } & \text { Adaptive [acquired] immunity } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Consider the functions given:
I. Stimulation of synthesis of androgens
II. Regulation of spermatogenesis
III. Induction of ovulation
IV. Maintenance of corpus luteum

Identify the incorrect statement regarding thyroid gland:

Consider the following regarding the actions of steroidal hormones produced by human ovary:
I. Estrogen is responsible for the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characters in females
II. Progesterone is a pregnancy hormone
III. Estrogen regulates female sexual behavior
IV. Progesterone stimulates the formation of alveoli in mammary glands
Select correct statements from above statements

The hormones of ‘flight or fight‘ response:

All the following statements regarding parathyroid hormone are correct except:

Match each item in COLUMN I [Hormone] with one in COLUMN II [Function] and select your answer from the codes given:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { COLUMN I } \\
\end{array} & \text { COLUMN II } \\
\hline \text { A. ADH } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { a. Makes collecting duct permeable to water } \\
\text { and urea }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { B. PTH } & \text { b. Stimulates osteoclasts } \\
\hline \text { C. LH } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { c. Rupture of Graafian follicle leading to } \\
\text { ovulation }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. ANF } & \text { d. Causes vasodilation } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Codes:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { a } & \text { b } & \text { c } & \text { d } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { a } & \text { b } & \text { d } & \text { c } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { b } & \text { a } & \text { d } & \text { c } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { b } & \text { a } & \text { c } & \text { d } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

All the following regarding parathyroid glands are true except:

Identify the hormone:
I. It favours glycogenesis.
II. It favours fat synthesis and deposition.
III. It favours protein anabolism.

Which of the following is not a feature characteristic of the anterior pituitary?

Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: Vasopressin is also called as Anti Diuretic Hormone [ADH].
Reason: It is a vasoconstrictor.

Identify the correct statement from the following:
Statement I: Prolactin causes the milk ejection from the mammary glands.
Statement II: Oxytocin regulates the formation of milk in the mammary glands.
Statement III: FSH stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles in females.
Statement IV: MSH acts on melanocytes and regulates the secretion of melatonin.

The pineal gland:
I: helps in maintaining the normal rhythms of sleepwakefulness cycle and body temperature.
II. influences metabolism, pigmentation and the menstrual cycle.

Consider the given two statements:
I: PTH is a hypercalcaemic hormone.
II: PTH stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules.

Identify the correct statement from the following:
I: The adrenal cortical hormones are commonly called as corticoids.
II: Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid and aldosterone the main mineralocorticoid in our body.
III: Small amounts of androgenic steroids are also secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Identify the incorrect statement:
I. Ovary is the primary female sex organ and testis is the primary male sex organ.
II. Oestrogen is synthesised by the growing ovarian follicles and progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum mainly.

Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: Insulin causes hypoglycemia.
Reason: As a result of action of insulin especially on adipocytes and hepatocytes, there is a rapid movement of glucose from blood to these cells.

Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and select the correct match from the codes given:

\[
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|p{6cm}|}
\hline
& \textbf{COLUMN I} & & \textbf{COLUMN II} \\ \hline
A & \text{Cholecystokinin (CCK)} & R &
Acts on exocrine pancreas and gall bladder\newline
stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice \\ \hline
B & \text{Secretin} & Q &
Acts on exocrine pancreas and stimulates\newline
secretion of water and bicarbonate ions \\ \hline
C & \text{Gastrin} & P &
Stimulates secretion of HCl and pepsinogen\newline
by gastric glands \\ \hline
D & \text{Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)} & S &
Inhibits gastric secretion and motility\newline
and has no effect on exocrine pancreas \\ \hline
\end{array}
\]

Codes:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { Q } & \text { P } & \text { R } & \text { S } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { R } & \text { Q } & \text { S } & \text { P } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { R } & \text { Q } & \text { P } & \text { S } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { P } & \text { Q } & \text { R } & \text { S } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: Chronic kidney disease can cause anaemia.
Reason: Kidneys produces a peptide hormone, erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow

Match each item in COLUMN I [Hormone] with one in COLUMN II [Chemical class] and select your answer from the codes given:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { COLUMN I } & & \text { COLUMN II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { ACTH } & \text { a. } & \text { Peptide } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Estradiol } & \text { b. } & \text { Steroid } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Thyroxine } & \text { c. } & \text { Amino-acid derived } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Epinephrine } & \text { d. } & \text { Iodothyronine } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
Codes:
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\hline 1 . & \text { a } & \text { b } & \text { c } & \text { d } \\
\hline 2 . & \text { a } & \text { b } & \text { d } & \text { c } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { b } & \text { a } & \text { d } & \text { c } \\
\hline 4 . & \text { b } & \text { a } & \text { c } & \text { d } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Consider the given two statements:
Statement I: Hormones act on all the cells in the human body.
Statement II: Hormones are intercellular chemical messengers transported by blood throughout the body.

How many of the following hormones are antagonistic to insulin wrt glucose level in blood?
(a) GH, Thyroxine
(b) Glucocorticoids
(c) Somatostatin
(d) Adrenaline, nor-adrenaline
Choose the correct option.

Choose the incorrect statement w.r.t. pancreas:-

The given figure shows the mechanism of action of FSH on its target cells.

I. FSH is hydrophilic and hence cannot enter the cell and therefore acts via a second messenger.
II. The second messenger will cause physiological responses after binding to a receptor present in the nucleus of the cells and then influencing the level of gene expression in the target cell.

A health disorder that results from the deficiency of thyroxine in adults and characterized by
(i) a low metabolic rate
(ii) increase in body weight
(iii) tendency to retain water in tissues is

Metabolic functions of insulin include:
I. Retards the uptake, use and utilization of glucose by body cells
II. Promotes the uptake of amino acids by body cells
III. Promotes the storage of fat and prevents lipolysis

All of the following statements are correct for parathyroid hormone except

How many organs given below in the box are considered as organized endocrine glands?

\(
\begin{array}{|l|}
\hline \text { Stomach, Intestine, Pituitary gland, Liver, } \\
\text { Kidney, Thyroid gland, Heart } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Select the incorrect statement.

Identify A, B, C and D in the following given figure and choose the option which correctly represents them.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
& \text{A} & \text{B} & \text{C} & \text{D} \\
\hline
(1) & \begin{array}{l} \text{Anterior} \\ \text{pituitary} \end{array}
& \begin{array}{l} \text{Portal} \\ \text{vein} \end{array}
& \text{Hypothalamus}
& \begin{array}{l} \text{Hypothalamic} \\ \text{neurons} \end{array} \\
\hline
(2) & \begin{array}{l} \text{Posterior} \\ \text{pituitary} \end{array}
& \begin{array}{l} \text{Portal} \\ \text{circulation} \end{array}
& \begin{array}{l} \text{Hypothalamic} \\ \text{neurons} \end{array}
& \text{Hypothalamus} \\
\hline
(3) & \begin{array}{l} \text{Anterior} \\ \text{pituitary} \end{array}
& \begin{array}{l} \text{Portal} \\ \text{circulation} \end{array}
& \text{Hypothalamus}
& \text{Midbrain} \\
\hline
(4) & \begin{array}{l} \text{Posterior} \\ \text{pituitary} \end{array}
& \begin{array}{l} \text{Portal} \\ \text{circulation} \end{array}
& \begin{array}{l} \text{Hypothalamic} \\ \text{Neurons} \end{array}
& \text{Midbrain} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Identify correct match:-

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
& \text{Source gland} & \text{Hormone} & \text{Function} \\
\hline
(1) & \text{Thyroid gland} & \text{Thyrocalcitonin} & \text{Regulates calcium level in blood} \\
\hline
(2) & \text{Parathyroid gland} & \text{Parathormone} & \text{Regulates BMR} \\
\hline
(3) & \text{Posterior pituitary} & \text{Vasopressin} & \text{Water and electrolyte reabsorption from renal tubule} \\
\hline
(4) & \text{Pineal gland} & \text{Melanin} & \text{Regulates diurnal rhythm} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

How many hormones given in the box below are peptide in nature?

\(
\boxed{
\begin{array}{ccccccc}
\text{CCK,} & \text{GIP,} & \text{Gastrin,} & \text{Secretin} & \text{ANF,} & \text{PTH,} & \text{T}_4
\end{array}
}
\)