Respiration in Plants NCERT

In Section 12.1, it is written that most cells of a plant have at least a part of their surface in contact with air. The arguments in favor of this statement include all except:

Consider the two statements:
I: ATP is used as the energy currency of the cell.
II: ATP molecule has two high energy bonds.

Which of the following would be correct regarding the comparison of fermentation and aerobic respiration?

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Fermentation } & \text { Aerobic respiration } \\
\hline \text { I: } & \text { Partial breakdown of glucose } & \text { Complete breakdown of glucose } \\
\hline \text { II: } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Net gain of only two molecules of ATP } \\
\text { beginning with one molecule of glucose }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Net gain of many more molecules of ATP } \\
\text { beginning with one molecule of glucose }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { III: } & \text { NADH is oxidised to NAD }{ }^{+} \text {slowly } & \text { NADH is oxidised to NAD }{ }^{+} \text {vigorously } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline 1 . & \text { Only I and II } & 2 . & \text { Only I and III } \\
\hline 3 . & \text { Only II and III } & 4 . & \text { I, II and III } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Cellular respiration includes:
I: Transport of gases from the respiratory surface to the cells
II. Breakdown of food material within the cell to release energy
III. Trapping of energy released during the breakdown of food material within the cell for synthesis of ATP

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. Only I and II } & \text { 2. Only I and III } \\
\hline \text { 3. Only II and III } & \text { 4. I, II and III } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, has varied fates depending on the different conditions as shown below. The end products A,B and C are:

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
& \text{A} & \text{B} & \text{C} \\
\hline
1. & \text{Carbon dioxide and Water} & \text{Lactate} & \text{Ethanol and Carbon dioxide} \\
\hline
2. & \text{Only Carbon dioxide} & \text{Lactate and Carbon dioxide} & \text{Ethanol and Carbon dioxide} \\
\hline
3. & \text{Carbon dioxide and Water} & \text{Lactate and Carbon dioxide} & \text{Ethanol} \\
\hline
4. & \text{Ethanol and Carbon dioxide} & \text{Lactate} & \text{Carbon dioxide and Water} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

Consider the two statements:
Statement I: Inside a cell, the glucose molecule is oxidised not in one step but in several small steps.
Statement II: Some steps will be just large enough such that energy liberated can be coupled to ATP synthesis.

Intext question of Section 12.2, NCERT : How many ATP molecules are directly synthesized in glycolytic pathway from one glucose molecule?

Again an intext question from Section 12.2, NCERT. What is the metabolic fate of pyruvate?

In glycolysis, ATP is synthesised

What will be true for the metabolic reaction shown in the given figure?

I. It shows hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, into two monosaccharides, a glucose and a fructose molecule. .
II. The enzyme that is capable of catalysing this reaction is invertase.

In glycolysis, \(
\mathrm{NAD}^{+} \) is reduced to \( \mathrm{NADH}+\mathrm{H}^{+}
\):

Given below is the schematic representation of alcohol fermentation. Study the diagram and select the correct statements that follow:

I: Yeasts perform this metabolic conversion when growing in the absence of oxygen.
II: The metabolic conversion of pyruvate into acetaldeyhde is catalysed by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase.
III: The metabolic conversion of acetaldehyde into ethanol is catalysed by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

Consider the given statements:
Statement I: In alcohol fermentation in yeast, pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase convert pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol.
Statement II: In lactic acid fermentation, lactate dehydrogenase reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid and carbon dioxide in muscle cells during exercise.

Refer Section 12.4.1, NCERT. The continued oxidation of acetyl CoA via the TCA cycle requires the continued replenishment of:
I. Oxaloacetic acid
II. \( \mathrm{NAD}^{+}
\)
III. FAD

At how many points in the TCA cycle is \( \mathrm{NAD}^{+} \) reduced to \( \mathrm{NADH}+\mathrm{H}^{+} \)?

During the conversion of succinyl CoA to succinic acid in TCA cycle:

The electron transport system in mitochondria is located in the:

Ubiquinone receives reducing equivalents via:
I. Complex I
II. Complex II
III. Complex III

Given below is the schematic representation of the reactions in Krebs’ Citric Acid Cycle. Identify the correct statements:-

I. Oxidative decarboxylation steps are Step 4 and Step 5.
II. The reducing power ‘NADH’ is generated at Step 4, Step 5 and Step 9.
III. \( \mathrm{FADH}_2 \) is generated at Step 7 .

Cytochrome c is found:

The number of ATP molecules synthesized from oxidation of one molecule of NADH and one molecule of \( \mathrm{FADH}_2 \) are respectively:

Oxygen drives the process of ATP production via ETS. The best explanation for this would be that oxygen:

Pyruvic acid, the key product of glycolysis can have many metabolic fates.
Under aerobic condition, it forms

The stage of cellular respiration that directly involves oxygen is:

What process in aerobic respiration generates maximum ATP?

In aerobic respiration, oxygen acts as:
I. Terminal electron acceptor
II. Terminal proton acceptor

\( \mathrm{FADH}_2 \) is produced in:-

Given below is the schematic representation of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. Identify the correct statement:

\[
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline
1. & (1) \text{ is NADH; } 4 \text{ is FAD; } 6 \text{ is fumarate; } 8 \text{ is oxygen; and } 10 \text{ is ATP} \\
\hline
2. & (2) \text{ is } \mathrm{NAD}^{+};\ 4 \text{ is } \mathrm{FADH}_2;\ 6 \text{ is succinate; } 8 \text{ is oxygen; and } 10 \text{ is ADP} \\
\hline
3. & (1) \text{ is NADH; } 4 \text{ is fumarate; } 6 \text{ is FAD; } 8 \text{ is water; and } 10 \text{ is ATP} \\
\hline
4. & (2) \text{ is } \mathrm{NAD}^{+};\ 3 \text{ is succinate; } 6 \text{ is FAD; } 8 \text{ is oxygen; and } 10 \text{ is ADP} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

Krebs cycle is also called as:

The components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain are located:

Identity the incorrectly matched pair:-

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Component of ETC } & \text { Name } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Complex I } & \text { NADH dehydrogenase } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Complex II } & \text { Succinate dehydrogenase } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Complex III } & \text { Cytochrome } \mathrm{b}_6 \mathrm{f} \text { complex } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Complex IV } & \text { Cytochrome c oxidase } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

During aerobic respiration, the complete oxidation of pyruvate by the stepwise removal of all the hydrogen atoms, leaving three molecules of carbon dioxide, takes place in the:

In the Krebs cycle, two successive steps of decarboxylation result in the formation of:

After the two molecules of pyruvate, produced at the end of glycolysis from one molecule of glucose, enter the mitochondrial matrix and till the Krebs cycle is complete, which of the following will not be a correct number of the corresponding molecule produced?

The given diagram shows an important component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Identify A,  B and C :

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Complex I } & \text { FMN } & \text { Fe-S } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Complex I } & \text { Fe-S } & \text { FMN } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Complex II } & \text { FMN } & \text { Fe-S } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Complex II } & \text { Fe-S } & \text { FMN } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which complex in the mitochondrial electron transport system contains cytochromes a and \( a_3 \) and two copper centres?

Consider the following statements regarding ATP synthase, complex V of the mitochondrial electron transport system:

I. The \( \mathrm{F}_1 \) headpiece is peripheral membrane protein complex and contains the site for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
II. The \( \mathrm{F}_0 \) is an integral membrane protein complex that forms the channel through which protons cross the inner membrane.
III. For each ATP produced, \(4 \mathrm{H}^{+}\)passes through \(\mathrm{F}_0\) from the intermembrane space to the matrix down electrochemical proton gradient.

Identify the incorrectly matched pair:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Respiratory Complex } & \text { Pathway for electron transport } \\
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { NADH dehydrogenase } & \text { NADH – FMN – [Fe-S] – Q } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Succinic } \\
\text { dehydrogenase }
\end{array} & \mathrm{FADH}_2-\mathrm{FMN}-\mathrm{Q} \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Cytochrome bc }{ }_1 & \mathrm{Cyt} \mathrm{~b}-[\mathrm{Fe}-\mathrm{S}]-\mathrm{Cyt} \mathrm{c}_1 \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Cytochrome c oxidase } & \mathrm{Cu}_{\mathrm{A}}-\mathrm{Cyt} \mathrm{a}-\mathrm{Cyt} \mathrm{a}_3-\mathrm{Cu}_{\mathrm{B}} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

According to NCERT [Section 12.5], what is the number of ATP molecules that can be regarded as a net gain during aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose?

During aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose, there can be a net gain of:

Consider the two statements:
Statement I: The respiratory pathway is better regarded as an amphibolic pathway rather than only a catabolic pathway.
Statement II: The respiratory pathway is involved in both anabolism and catabolism.

Assertion: \( \text { ATP: NADH }+\mathrm{H}^{+} \) and \( \text { ATP: FADH }_2 \) ratios during the oxidative phosphorylation appear to be not 3 and 2 , but 2.5 and 1.5 respectively.
Reason: ATP synthase produces \( 1 \mathrm{ATP} / 3 \mathrm{H}^{+} \).

Consider the following statements:
I. If fatty acids were to be respired they would enter the respiratory pathway as acetyl CoA.
II. Glycerol enters the respiratory pathway after being converted to PGAL.
III. Amino acids enter the respiratory pathway at some stage within the Krebs cycle but never as pyruvate or acetyl CoA.

The correct descending order of the RQ value, when carbohydrates, proteins and fats are used as respiratory substrate would be:

Study the metabolic pathway given below and select the correct statements from the statements given:

I: It shows that the Krebs cycle is an amphibolic pathway.
II: An amphibolic pathway is a type of catabolic pathway that is involved in the production of ATP.