3.1 Introduction

The word ‘trigonometry’ is derived from the Greek words ‘trigon’ and ‘metron’ and it means ‘measuring the sides of a triangle. Currently, trigonometry is used in many areas such as the science of seismology, designing electric circuits, describing the state of an atom, predicting the heights of tides in the ocean, analysing a musical tone, and in many other areas. We know Arya Bhatt’s ratios of acute angles as the ratio of the sides of a right-angled triangle. In this Chapter, we will generalise the concept of trigonometric ratios to trigonometric functions and study their properties.

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