Practice Corner MCQs

The core techniques of modern biotechnology is/are

Which of the following processes/techniques can be included under biotechnology?
(i) Gene cloning
(ii) Synthesis of a gene
(iii) Correcting a defective gene
(iv) Developing a DNA vaccine

Plasmid used to construct the first recombinant DNA was isolated from which bacterium species?

Genetic engineering is possible because

The term ‘molecular scissors’ refer to

The term ‘chemical knife’ refers to

In recombinant DNA technology, the term vector refers to

One of the key factors, which makes the plasmid the vector in genetic engineering is

The term ‘recombinant DNA’ refers to

The term ‘chimeric DNA’ refers to

Select the mismatched pair.

Which of the following is not a tool of genetic engineering?

The first restriction endonuclease isolated was

The letter ‘ \(R\) ‘ in EcoR I is derived from

Match column I with column II with respect to the nomenclature of restriction enzyme EcoRI and select the correct answer from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|c|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { E } & \text { (i) } & \text { Ist in order of identification } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Co } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Name of genus } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { R } & \text { (iii) } & \text { Name of species } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { I } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Name of strain } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The source of the restriction enzyme Hind III is

A restriction endonuclease breaks bonds between the

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : Restriction endonuclease enzymes recognise a specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in the DNA.
Statement 2 : Restriction endonuclease enzymes are called as molecular scissors or biological scissors.

Study the following figures and identify the enzymes involved in steps I and II.

Which of the following correctly depicts the recognition site for EcoR I?

The sticky ends of a fragmented DNA molecule are made of

The restriction enzyme responsible for the cleavage of following sequence is

Identify the palindromic sequence in the following.

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding EcoR I restriction endonuclease enzyme?

If a plasmid vector is digested with EcoR I at a single site, then

How many fragments will be generated if you digest a linear DNA molecule with a restriction enzyme having four recognition sites on the DNA?

How many fragments will be generated on the digestion of a closed circular DNA molecule with a restriction enzyme having six recognition sites on the DNA?

In recombinant DNA technology, a plasmid vector is cleaved by

Gel electrophoresis is a

Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used to deliver desirable gene into plant cells.
(ii) Hind II always cuts DNA molecules at a particular point by recognising a specific sequence of six base pairs.
(iii) Separated DNA fragments cannot be visualised without staining on an agarose gel electrophoresis.
(iv) ‘Ori’ is the sequence responsible for controlling the copy number.
(v) DNA is a positively charged molecule.

Having become an expert on gel electrophoresis, you are asked to examine a gel. Where would you find the smallest segments of DNA?

Which of the following steps should be performed by a person in order to visualise the bands of DNA fragments obtained from gel electrophoresis?

Study the given figure carefully and select the incorrect statements regarding this.

(i) It represents a typical agarose gel electrophoresis in which lane 1 contains undigested DNA.
(ii) Smallest DNA bands are formed at A and largest DNA bands are formed at B.
(iii) The separated DNA fragments can be visualised after staining in the visible light.
(iv) The separated DNA bands are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is known as elution.

Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

If you want to recover many copies of the target DNA, you will choose a vector

Gel electrophoresis is used for

Which one of the following characteristics is generally not preferred for a cloning vector?

Read the following statements and select the correct ones.
(i) Same kind of sticky ends are produced when a DNA has been cut by different restriction enzymes.
(ii) Exonucleases make cuts at specific positions within the DNA.
(iii) Hind II was the first restriction endonuclease to be isolated.
(iv) A bacteriophage has the ability to replicate within bacterial cells by integrating its DNA with bacterial DNA.
(v) DNA fragments move towards the cathode under an electric field through a medium.

Which of the following is not a cloning vector?

Match column I with column II and select the correct answer from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { amp }^R \text { gene } & \text { (i) } & \text { Artificial plasmid } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Separation of DNA } \\
\text { fragments }
\end{array} & \text { (ii) } & \text { Selectable marker } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Hind III } & \text { (iii) } & \text { Electrophoresis } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { pBR322 } & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Haemophilus influenzae } \\
\text { Rd }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The gene ‘rop’ present in pBR322 cloning vector, codes for

Identify A, B, C and D in the given figure of E. coli cloning vector p B R 322 and select the correct option.

Read the given statements and select the correct option. Statement 1 : The cloning vector is required to have very few, preferably single, recognition sites for the commonly used restriction enzymes.
Statement 2 : Presence of more than one recognition sites within a cloning vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the process of gene cloning.

In pBR322, tetracycline resistance gene (tet \({ }^R\) ) has recognition site for which of the following restriction endonuclease?

Read the following statements and select the correct ones.
(i) Electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of molecules based on their size and charge.
(ii) Plasmids are extra-chromosomal, self-replicating, usually circular, double stranded DNA molecules found naturally in many bacteria and also in some yeast.
(iii) It is not advisable to use an exonuclease enzyme while producing a recombinant DNA molecule.
(iv) In EcoR II, the roman numeral I indicates that it was the first enzyme isolated from E.coli RY 13.

pBR322 was the first artificial cloning vector to be constructed. What does “BR” stands for?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of pBR322 vector?

What will be the effect if pBR322, a cloning vector does not carry ‘ori’ site?

Using recombinant DNA technology, genes from a donor cell can be inserted into a bacterium for DNA replication and protein synthesis. The kind of cells that can be used as gene donors in this technology are

An advantage of using yeasts rather than bacteria as recipient cells for the recombinant DNA of eukaryotes is that yeasts can

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : Both bacteria and yeast multiply very fast to form huge populations which express the desired gene.
Statement 2 : In recombinant DNA technology, human genes are often transferred into bacteria (prokaryotes) or yeast (eukaryotes).

In the process of insertional inactivation

If a person obtains transformants by inserting a recombinant DNA within the coding sequence of enzyme \(\beta\)-galactosidase, he will separate out recombinants from non-recombinants by which of the following observations?

Read the given statements and select the correct option. Statement 1 : In insertional inactivation, blue colour produced by bacterial colonies indicates that the plasmid does not have an insert into the bacterial genome.
Statement 2 : Presence of insert results into insertional inactivation of \(\beta\)-galactosidase enzyme and the colonies do not produce any colour.

The term ” competent” refers to

Which of the following bacteria is used as a vector for plant genetic engineering?

Which of the following microbes transform normal plant and animal cells to cancerous cells respectively?

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : The tumour inducing plasmid (Ti plasmid) acts as a cloning vector in recombinant DNA technology.
Statement 2 : The Ti plasmid which is used in the mechanisms of delivering genes to a cell remains pathogenic.

\(\qquad\)
a crown gall bacterium, is called as ‘natural genetic engineer’ of plants.

DNA cannot pass through a cell membrane as

During insertional inactivation, the presence of a chromogenic substrate gives blue coloured colonies if the plasmid in the bacteria does not have an insert. The blue colour is produced by the enzyme

The correct sequence of making a cell competent is

Match the terms given in column I with their definitions in column Il and select the correct answer from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Transformation } & \text { (i) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Sequences cut by } \\
\text { restriction enzymes }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Recognition site } & \text { (ii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Process by which DNA } \\
\text { fragments are separated } \\
\text { based on their size }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Gel electrophoresis } & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Plasmid DNA that has } \\
\text { incorporated human } \\
\text { DNA }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Recombinant DNA } & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Process by which } \\
\text { bacteria take up pieces } \\
\text { of DNA from the } \\
\text { environment }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following is required for microinjection method of gene transfer?

Micro-injection is a method used to

In biolistic method of gene transfer, the micro-particles coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target cells at a very high velocity. These micro-particles are made up of

The different steps of recombinant DNA technology are given below randomly.
(i) Isolation of the DNA fragments or genes to be cloned.
(ii) Introduction of the recombinant DNA into a suitable cell (usually E. coll) called host (transformation).
(iii) Multiplication/expression of the introduced gene in the host.
(iv) Selection of the transformed host cells and identification of the clone containing the desired gene/DNA fragment.
(v) Insertion of the isolated gene in a suitable plasmid vector.
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps?

Process used for amplification or multiplication of DNA in DNA fingerprinting is

Fill up the blanks and select the correct option.
(i) EcoRI cuts the DNA between bases \(\qquad\) only when the sequence \(\qquad\) is present in the DNA duplex.
(ii) Disruption of the cell membranes can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells, plant cells and fungal cells with enzymes respectively \(\qquad\) and \(\qquad\)
(iii) Since DNA has a \(\qquad\) charge, it moves towards the \(\qquad\) of the electrophoretic chamber.

In the isolation of DNA, removal of protein and RNA is carried out by enzymes \(\qquad\) and \(\qquad\) respectively.

During isolation of genetic material, the chemical used to precipitate out the purified DNA is

Precipitates of purified DNA after the addition of chilled ethanol are seen as a collection of fine threads in suspension. This process is referred as

The polymerase chain reaction is a technique used for

The given flow chart depicts the steps to transfer a desirable gene of interest into a plant.

Identify the missing steps ( A, B and C ) with regard to following statements and select the correct option.

(i) Joining of desirable gene to a suitable cloning vector using ligases to create a recombinant DNA molecule.
(ii) Selection of transformed cells.
(iii) Transferring the recombinant DNA molecules to the target cells.

\(
\begin{aligned}
& \text { A. A – i } \\
& \text { B – iii } \\
& \text { C – ii }
\end{aligned}
\)

B.

\(
\begin{aligned}
& \text { A – i } \\
& \text { B – ii } \\
& \text { C – iii }
\end{aligned}
\)

C.

\(

D.

[latex]
\begin{aligned}
& \text { A – ii } \\
& \text { B – iii } \\
& \text { C- i }
\end{aligned}
\)

Primers are

Enzyme ‘Taq polymerase’ used in PCR, has been isolated from bacterium

Which of the following statements are correct for the enzyme Taq polymerase?
(i) It remains active during the high temperature induced denaturation of dsDNA.
(ii) It requires primers for carrying out the process of polymerisation.
(iii) It synthesises the RNA region between the primers, using dNTPs and \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\).

Match column I (enzyme) with column II (characteristid activity) and select the correct answer from the given codes.
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Taq DNA } \\
\text { polymerase }
\end{array} & \text { (i) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Cleaves the ends of linear } \\
\text { DNA }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Exonuclease } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Breakdown of fungal cell wall } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Protease } & \text { (iii) } & \text { Stable above } 90^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Chitinase } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Made only by eukaryotic cells } \\
\hline & & \text { (v) } & \text { Degradation of proteins } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which one of the following is not a correct match?

The correct sequence of different steps of polymerase chain reaction is

Which one of the following palindromic base sequences in DNA can be easily cut at about the middle by some particular restriction enzyme?

Which of the following is required to perform polymerase chain reaction?

Which of the following is not used to transfer the recombinant DNA into the host?

Identify the steps that are involved in PCR.
(A) Denaturation
(B) Annealing
(C) Extension
(D) Down stream processing

Which of the following is not correctly matched for the organism and its cell wall degrading enzyme?

If a recombinant DNA bearing gene for resistance to antibiotic ampicillin is transferred to E.coli cells, the host cells become transformed into ampicillin resistant cells. If such bacteria are transferred on agar plates containing ampicillin, only transformants will grow and the untransformed recipient cells will die. The ampicillin resistant gene in this case is called as

In a polymerase chain reaction after the denaturation step why the mixture needs to cool down to a lower temperature?