Practice Corner MCQs

Which of the following is the most toxic excretory product?

Almost all the aquatic animals excrete ammonia as the nitrogenous waste product. Which of the following statements is not in agreement with this situation?

The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised

Which one of the following options gives the correct categorisation of six animals according to the type of nitrogenous wastes (A),(B),(c), they give out?

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { A-AMMONOTELIC } & \text { B – UREOTELIC } & \text { C – URICOTELIC } \\
\hline \text { a. Pigeon, Humans } & \text { AquaticAmphibia, Lizards } & \text { Cockroach, Frog } \\
\hline \text { b. Frog, Lizards } & \text { AquaticAmphibia, Humans } & \text { Cockroach, Pigeon } \\
\hline \text { c. AquaticAmphibia } & \text { Frog, Humans } & \text { Pigeon, Lizards, Cockroach } \\
\hline \text { d. Aquatic Amphibia } & \text { Cockroach, Humans } & \text { Frog, Pigeon, Lizards } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following pairs of organisms are uricotelic?

Which of the following groups contain uricotelic animals only?

Which one of the following options shows a correct matching pair?

The characteristic(s) common to urea, uric acid and ammonia is/are
(i) They are nitrogenous wastes.
(ii) They all need very large amount of water for excretion.
(iii) They are all equally toxic.
(iv) They are produced in the kidneys.

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Nephridia } & \text { (i) } & \text { Crustaceans } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Malpighian tubules } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Annelids } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Antennal gland } \\
\text { or Green glands }
\end{array} & \text { (iii) } & \text { Insects } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Select the correct option representing the excretory organs present in (i) earthworm, (ii) centipede, (iii) prawn and (iv) flatworm.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text {a.  Malpighian } \\
\text { tubules }
\end{array} & \text { Flame cell } & \text { Nephridia } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Green } \\
\text { gland }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { b. Flame cell } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Green } \\
\text { gland }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Malpighian } \\
\text { tubules }
\end{array} & \text { Nephridia } \\
\hline \text { c. Nephridia } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Malpighian } \\
\text { tubules }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Green } \\
\text { gland }
\end{array} & \text { Flame cell } \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { d. Green } \\
\text { gland }
\end{array} & \text { Nephridia } & \text { Flame cell } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Malpighian } \\
\text { tubules }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which one of the following organisms is correctly matched with its excretory organs?

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Refer to the given figure of human urinary system and select the option that correctly identifies the labelled parts A to E.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & A & B & C & D & E \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Superior vena } \\
\text { cava }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Inferior vena } \\
\text { cava }
\end{array} & \text { Dorsal aorta } & \text { Urethra } & \text { Pelvis } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Inferior vena } \\
\text { cava }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Superior vena } \\
\text { cava }
\end{array} & \text { Dorsal aorta } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Urinary } \\
\text { bladder }
\end{array} & \text { Cortex } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Ureter } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Inferior vena } \\
\text { cava }
\end{array} & \text { Dorsal aorta } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Urinary } \\
\text { bladder }
\end{array} & \text { Pelvis } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Dorsal aorta } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Inferior vena } \\
\text { cava }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { superior vena } \\
\text { cava }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Urinary } \\
\text { bladder }
\end{array} & \text { Cortex } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following options shows the correct measurements of an adult human kidney?

Which of the following is the correct pathway for passage of urine in humans?

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: The urinary bladder dilates a good deal as urine trickles into it from the ureters.
Statement 2: The urinary bladder is lined throughout by transitional epithelium.

A notch present on the inner medial side of kidney is known as

The given figure is of the longitudinal section of the kidney. Identify the parts labelled as A to D and select the correct option.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & A & B & C & D \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Cortex } & \text { Calyx } & \text { Renal column } & \text { Ureter } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Calyx } & \text { Cortex } & \text { Renal column } & \text { Ureter } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Medulla } & \text { Cortex } & \text { Renal capsule } & \text { Urethra } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Calyx } & \text { Cortex } & \text { Renal pelvis } & \text { Urethra } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following statements are false?
(i) Outer cortex and inner medulla are the two zones in kidney.
(ii) Medulla is divided into few renal pyramids.
(iii) Pyramid projects into calyx.
(iv) Inward extension of cortex between the pyramids is called renal column of Bertin.

Columns of Bertin in the kidneys of mammals are formed as extensions of

Which one of the following is not a part of renal pyramid?

The basic functional unit of human kidney is

Consider the following statements each with one or two blanks.
(i) Towards the centre of the inner concave surface of the kidney is a notch called (1) through which ureters, blood vessels and nerves enter.
(ii) The medulla of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called (2) projecting into the (3).
(iii) Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the (4) artery. Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an (5) artery.
Which one of the following options correctly fills the blanks in any two of the statements?

Select the option that correctly identifies the parts labelled from A to F in the given figure of nephron.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & A & B & C & D & E & F \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Afferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & P C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Henle’s } \\
\text { loop }
\end{array} & D C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Collecting } \\
\text { duct }
\end{array} & \text { Vasa recta } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Efferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & P C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Henle’s } \\
\text { loop }
\end{array} & D C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Collecting } \\
\text { duct }
\end{array} & \text { Vasa recta } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Afferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Peritubular } \\
\text { capillaries }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Henle’s } \\
\text { loop }
\end{array} & D C T & P C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Collecting } \\
\text { duct }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Afferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Henle’s } \\
\text { loop }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Collecting } \\
\text { duct }
\end{array} & P C T & D C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Peritubula } \\
\text { capillaries }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following is not correct with respect to human kidney?

The bunch of capillaries present in the Bowman’s capsule is called

A Malpighian body is constituted by

Which of the following statements is correct?

The given figure represents the Malpighian body. Identify the labelled parts A to D and select the correct option.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & C & \text { D } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Efferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Afferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Bowman’s } \\
\text { capsule }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Proximal } \\
\text { convoluted tubule }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Afferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Efferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Renal } \\
\text { corpuscle }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Proximal } \\
\text { convoluted tubule }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Afferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Efferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Bowman’s } \\
\text { capsule }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Proximal } \\
\text { convoluted tubule }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Afferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Efferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Bowman’s } \\
\text { capsule }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Distal convoluted } \\
\text { tubule }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The number of nephrons in a kidney is equal to

Which of the following statements is correct?

Which one of the following does not constitute a part of single uriniferous tubule?

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Delivers blood } \\
\text { to glomerulus }
\end{array} & \text { (i) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Ascending and } \\
\text { descending limbs }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { B. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Carries urine to } \\
\text { pelvis }
\end{array} & \text { (ii) } & \text { Renal artery } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Collects filtrate } \\
\text { from Bowman’s } \\
\text { capsule }
\end{array} & \text { (iii) } & \text { Collecting duct } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Loop of Henle } & \text { (iv) } & \text { PCT } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Collecting ducts converge and open into _____ through medullary pyramids in the calyces.

All Bowman’s capsules of the kidney are found in

The longest loop of Henle is found in

Of the total nephrons, juxtamedullary nephrons constitute

Which of the following is the correct sequence of processes involved in urine formation?

Liquid which collects in the cavity of Bowman’s capsule is

Effective filtration pressure in glomerulus is caused due to

GFR of a healthy human being is

Complete the following paragraph by selecting the option that correctly fills the blanks (i) – (iv). The kidneys have built-in mechanisms for the regulation of glomerular filtration rate. One such efficient mechanism is carried out by (i). It is a special sensitive region formed by ceilular modifications in the (ii) and the (iii) at the location of their contact. A fall in GFR can activate the JG cells to release (iv) which can stimulate the glomerular blood flow and thereby brings GFR back to normal.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & A N F & P C T & \text { Efferent arteriole } & \text { Angiotensin } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & A N F & D C T & \text { Afferent arteriole } & \text { Renin } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & J G A & P C T & \text { Efferent arteriole } & \text { Angiotensinogen } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & J G A & D C T & \text { Afferent arteriole } & \text { Renin } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The given figure represents a single nephron from a mammalian kidney. Identify the labelled parts, match them with the functions (i-iv) and select the correct option.

(i) The site of ultrafiltration.
(ii) Particularly sensitive to ADH.
(iii) The main site for the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids.
(iv) Largely responsible for the maintenance of blood \(\mathrm{pH}\).

A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

Juxtaglomerular apparatus is made up of

A large quantity of fluid is filtered every day by nephrons in the kidneys but only about \(1 \%\) of it is excreted as urine. The remaining \(99 \%\) of the filtrate

Hippuric acid, creatinines and ketones are added to urine through

The maximum amount of electrolytes are reabsorbed in

Which of the following is removed from the filtrate at loop of Henle?

Read the given statements and identify the structure referred here.

(i) Reabsorption in this region is minimum.
(ii) This region plays a significant role in the maintenance of high osmolarity of interstitial fluid.
(iii) Its descending limb is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes.
(iv) Its ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively.

Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Renal vein takes blood away from kidney.
(ii) Urine gets diluted in ascending limb of loop of Henle.
(iii) Epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule are called podocyte.
(iv) Ultrafiltrate/nephric filtrate is plasma minus proteins.

Select the option that correctly identifies the parts of nephron that respectively absorb glucose (i), amino acids (ii), inorganic ions \(\left(\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{K}^{+}, \mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right)\)(iii) and urea (iv) in maximum.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & D C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Descending limb of loop } \\
\text { of Henle }
\end{array} & D C T & D C T \\
\hline \text { (b) } & D C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Descending limb of loop } \\
\text { of Henle }
\end{array} & P C T & D C T \\
\hline \text { (c) } & P C T & P C T & P C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Ascending limb of loop } \\
\text { of Henle }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (d) } & P C T & D C T & D C T & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Ascending limb of loop } \\
\text { of Henle }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The given figure shows reabsorption and secretion of major substances at different parts of the nephron. The movement of which of the following substances is wrongly depicted?

Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

Excretion of potassium is governed primarily by

Which one of the following is a correct pair showing the function of a specific part of the human nephron?

Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Reabsorption of water occurs passively in the initial segment of nephron.
(ii) Urea is reabsorbed by diffusion in PCT.
(iii) Conditional reabsorption of \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\)and water takes place in DCT.
(iv) \(\mathrm{DCT}\) reabsorbs \(\mathrm{HCO}_3^{-}\).
(v) Filtrate in DCT is isotonic to blood plasma.
(vi) Substances like glucose, amino acids, \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\), etc., in the filtrate are reabsorbed actively in PCT.

Which of the following is a correct match?

Long ducts of collecting tubules extend from

Which of the following options has the correct pair of nephron parts that maintain \(\mathrm{pH}\) and ionic balance of blood?

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect regarding the collecting duct?
(i) It extends from the cortex to medulla.
(ii) Large amount of water could be reabsorbed by it to produce concentrated urine.
(iii) Small amount of urea diffuses into it from the medulla to keep up the osmolarity.
(iv) It plays a role in maintaining \(\mathrm{pH}\) and ionic balance of blood by the selective secretion of \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\)and \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\)ions.

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { PCT } & \text { (i) } & \text { Minimum reabsorption } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { DCT } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Filtration of blood } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Loop of Henle } & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Reabsorption of } \\
70-80 \% \text { electrolytes }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Counter current } \\
\text { mechanism }
\end{array} & \text { (iv) } & \text { Ionic balance } \\
\hline \text { E. } & \text { Renal corpuscle } & \text { (v) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Maintenance of } \\
\text { concentration gradient } \\
\text { in medulla }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Select the incorrect statement regarding mechanism of urine formation in man.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: The final reabsorption of water from the urine into the blood occurs through the collecting duct of a mammalian nephron resulting in the production of hyperosmotic urine.
Statement 2: The loop of Henle creates a sodium gradient in the interstitial fluid.

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Small amount of urea enters the thick segment of Henle’s loop which is transported back to interstitium by collecting tubules.
Statement 2: Collecting tubules and thick segment of Henle’s loop are permeable to urea.

The ability of producing concentrated (hypertonic) urine in vertebrates generally depends on

Refer to the given figure and select the correct option representing the osmolarity at P, Q, R and S.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & P\left(m O s m o l L^{-1}\right) & Q\left(m O s m o l L^{-1}\right) & R\left(m O s m o l L^{-1}\right) & S\left(m O s m o l L^{-1}\right) \\
\hline \text { (a) } & 1200 & 900 & 600 & 300 \\
\hline \text { (b) } & 900 & 1200 & 300 & 600 \\
\hline \text { (c) } & 300 & 600 & 900 & 1200 \\
\hline \text { (d) } & 1200 & 300 & 900 & 600 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Pick the odd ones in each of the following groups and select the correct option.
(i) Renal pelvis, Medullary pyramid, Renal cortex, Renal papilla
(ii) Afferent arteriole, Henle’s loop, Vasa recta, Efferent arteriole
(iii) Glomerular filtration, Antidiuretic hormone, Hypertonic urine, Collecting duct
(iv) Proximal convoluted tubule, Distal convoluted tubule, Henle’s loop, Renal corpuscle

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Renal pelvis } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Henle’s } \\
\text { loop }
\end{array} & \text { Collecting duct } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Distal convoluted } \\
\text { tubule }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Renal papilla } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Afferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Antidiuretic } \\
\text { hormone }
\end{array} & \text { Henle’s loop } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Medullary } \\
\text { pyramid }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Efferent } \\
\text { arteriole }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Hypertonic } \\
\text { urine }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Proximal } \\
\text { convoluted } \\
\text { tubule }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Renal cortex } & \text { Vasa recta } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Glomerular } \\
\text { filtration }
\end{array} & \text { Renal corpuscle } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Diuresis is the condition in which

Which of the following sequences is correct regarding the regulation of kidney function?

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

Consider the following statements each with one or two blanks.
(i) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to (1) but allows transport of (2).
(ii) (3) and (4) play a significant role in producing a concentrated urine.
(iii) A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release (5).
Which one of the following options correctly fills the blanks in any two of the statements?

Which of the following sequences is correct?

The function of renin is

The reabsorption of the sodium from glomerular filtrate is regulated by the hormone

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by

In urinary system, aldosterone takes part in retention (reabsorption) of

What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?

Consider the following statements each with two blanks.
(i) Annelids have (1) and insects have (2) for excretion.
(ii) Blood enters the glomerulus via (3) arteriole and leaves via (4) arteriole.
(iii) During micturition, the urinary bladder (5) and the urethral sphincters (6).
Which one of the following options correctly fills the blanks in any two of the above statements?

Consider the following four statements (i) – (iv) and select the option that correctly identifies the true (T) and false (F) ones.
(i) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
(ii) ADH helps in water elimination making the urine hypotonic.
(iii) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
(iv) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { F } & \text { F } & \text { T } & \text { T } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { F } & \text { T } & \text { T } & \text { T } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { T } & \text { F } & \text { F } & \text { T } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { T } & \text { T } & \text { F } & \text { T } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The outline of principal events of urination is given below in random manner.
(i) Stretch receptors on the wall of urinary bladder send signals to the CNS.
(ii) The bladder fills with urine and becomes distended.
(iii) Micturition
(iv) CNS passes on motor messages to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of bladder and simultaneous relaxation of urethral sphincter.
The correct sequence of the events is

The yellow colour of urine is due to the presence of

Which one of the following is correct for a normal human?

Glycosuria is the condition, where a man

A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine would contain abnormal quantities of

A person who is not taking food or beverages will have _______ in urine.

Read the given statements regarding human excretory system and select the correct ones.
(i) Presence of glucose in urine is known as uremia.
(ii) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) selectively secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and potassium ions into the filtrate.
(iii) Macula densa is formed by cellular modifications in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at their contact location.
(iv) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) can cause vasoconstriction when blood flow is low to the atria of the heart.

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Lungs } & \text { (i) } & \text { Lactic acid } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Liver } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Hypertonic urine } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Micturition } & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Counter-current } \\
\text { system }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Sweat } & \text { (iv) } & \mathrm{CO}_2 \\
\hline \text { E. } & \text { Vasa recta } & \text { (v) } & \text { Urinary bladder } \\
\hline \text { F. } & \text { Sebum } & \text { (vi) } & \text { Glucose } \\
\hline \text { G. } & \text { ADH } & \text { (vii) } & \text { Bilirubin } \\
\hline \text { H. } & \text { Tubular reabsorption } & \text { (viii) } & \text { Sterols } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Consider the following four statements (i-iv) and select the option that correctly identifies the true (T) and false (F) ones.
(i) Atrial natriuretic factor can cause vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) and thereby decrease blood pressure.
(ii) On an average, \(60-70 \mathrm{gm}\) of urea is excreted out per day.
(iii) Sebaceous glands eliminate certain substances like \(\mathrm{NaCl}\), urea and lactic acid through sebum.
(iv) PCT is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium which increases the surface area for reabsorption.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { F } & \text { F } & \text { T } & \text { T } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { F } & \text { T } & \text { T } & \text { T } \\
\hline(\mathbf{c}) & \text { T } & \text { F } & \text { F } & \text { T } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { T } & \text { T } & \text { F } & \text { T } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Glucose has high threshold value.
(ii) Urine is concentrated in Henle’s loop.
(iii) Haemodialyser removes urea, uric acid, glucose and plasma proteins.
(iv) In glomerulus, urea, uric acid, water, glucose and plasma proteins are filtered out.

In peritoneal dialysis

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|c|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Uremia } & \text { (i) } & \text { Ketone bodies in urine } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Ketonuria } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Artificial kidney } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Glycosuria } & \text { (iii) } & \text { Glucose in urine } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Blood dialyser } & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Accumulation of urea in } \\
\text { blood }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{array}{lllll}
& \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\
\text { (a) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } & \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } \\
\text { (b) } & \text { (iv) } & \text { (i) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (ii) } \\
\text { (c) } & \text { (i) } & \text { (iv) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } \\
\text { (d) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (i) } & \text { (iv) } & \text { (iii) }
\end{array}
\)

Which one of the following is correct with reference to haemodialysis?

Liver secretes bile-containing substances like bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, degraded steroid hormones, vitamins and drugs. Most of these substances ultimately pass out along with

What will happen if one kidney is removed from the body of a human being?

Renal calculi refers to the condition in which

Glomerulonephritis is

Which one of the following is not normally excreted in urine?

Which of the following will lead to an increase in glomerular fluid filtration in the kidneys?

Which is true about the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

The accompanying figure shows reabsorption of some constituents of glomerular filtrate in different parts of mammalian nephron. What can these constituents be?

Recognise the given figure and find out the correct labels.

(i) ‘ A ‘ is the fine branch of renal vein.
(ii) ‘ B ‘ carries blood towards the glomerulus.
(iii) ‘ C ‘ is the tuft of capillaries formed by the ‘ A ‘.
(iv) ‘ D ‘ is the highly coiled network of renal tubule.
Which of the above statements is correct?

Select the group containing ammonotelic animals only.

Identify the correctly matched pair.
(i) Uremia: Excessive amount of urea in blood
(ii) Hyperglycemia: Excess glucose in blood
(iii) Bright’s disease: Inflammation of urethra
(iv) Enuresis: Surgical removal of kidney

Read the given differences between sweat and sebum and select the correct option.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & {\text { Sweat }} & {\text { Sebum }} \\
\hline \text { (i) } & \text { It is oily in nature. } & \text { It is fluid in nature. } \\
\hline \text { (ii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Secretion is } \\
\text { continuous. }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Secretion is stimulated by } \\
\text { rise in body temperature. }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { It is discharged on to } \\
\text { the surface of skin. }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { It is usually discharged } \\
\text { into the hair follicle. }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)