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Which of the following has proved helpful in preserving pollen as fossils? [NEET 2018]
(c) Sporopollenin cannot be degraded by enzymes; strong acids and alkali, therefore it is helpful in preserving pollen as fossil.
It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because [NEET 2016]
(b) Basal metabolic rate is inversely proportional to body size. So smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate. Hence production of energy is more.
The living organisms can be unexceptionally distinguished from the non-living things on the basis of their ability for [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
(b) There are several factors and processes which differentiate living beings from non-living things like reproduction, respiration, growth, etc. But among them, reproduction is the only difference, which differentiates living beings from non-living things without any exception.
Angiosperms have dominated the land flora primarily because of their [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
(a) Angiosperms have adapted themselves to all kinds of habitats – terrestrial, aquatic, tropical, deciduous, and alpine.
Explanation: Angiosperms are well adapted to terrestrial life and occur in diverse habitats like cold tundra to hot tropical and even desert areas. They also thrive well in an aquatic habitat. Hence, they are the most successful, to have dominated the land flora.
Organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds are called [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
(b) The organisms obtaining energy by chemical reactions independent of light are called chemotrophs.
Explanation: The organisms obtaining energy by chemical reactions independent of light are called chemotrophs. The reductants obtained from the environment may be inorganic (in the case of chemoautotrophs) or organic (in the case of chemoheterotrophs). Photoautotrophs organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis, using light energy. Saprozoic organisms obtain food from dead and decaying matter.
First life on earth was [CBSE AIPMT 2001]
(b) First life on earth was chemoheterotroph. These were formed in the environment of the sea having abundant organic molecules. They absorbed the organic materials for the sake of nutrition and hence were chemoheterotrophs.
The most important feature of all living systems is to [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
(b) Replication of genetic information causes the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next.
The book Genera Plantarum was written by [CBSE AIPMT 1999]
(b) Bentham & Hooker wrote the book Genera Plantarum.
His greatest work was the Genera Plantarum, which began in 1862 and concluded in 1883 in collaboration with Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker.
The study of fossils is [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
(d) paleontology is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of fossils.
Homeostasis is organism’s [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
(b) Homoeostasis is the property of all living beings, which is a self-regulatory mechanism of maintaining favourable internal conditions for uninterrupted chemical reactions in the living system despite the changes in the external environment. E.g., in winter the skin contracts to conserve body heat.
Static concept of species was put forward by [CBSE AIPMT 1988]
(d) Carolus Linnaeus introduced the Binomial System of Nomenclature in his book Species Plantarum (1753). He said that there can be variations within species, but they do not change from one species to another.
Which of the following is against the rules of ICBN? [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
Choice (d) is against the rules of ICBN because the universal rule of nomenclature is that the first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter. It can be illustrated with the example of Mangifera indica.
Note: In-plant nomenclature (ICBN), tautonyms are not valid i.e. generic name and specific name should not be the same in plants. E.g. Mangifera but tautonyms are valid for animal nomenclature (ICZN-International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) for example; Naja naja (Indian cobra), Rattus rattus (Rat).
Select the correctly written scientific name of Mango which was first described by Carolus Linnaeus: [NEET 2019]
(c) According to rules of binomial nomenclature, the correctly written scientific name of mango is Mangifera indica Linn.
This system of nomenclature was given by Carl Linnaeus. The scientific name of mango is given as Mangifera indica Linn. Mangifera indicates the ‘genus’ while indica represents a particular species or ‘specific epithet’ and Linn indicates the Biologist Linnaeus who first described the species of mango.
Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules of nomenclature? [NEET 2016]
(d) Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.
The common characteristics between tomato and potato will be maximum at the level of their [NEET Karnatak 2013]
(b) Families are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) belong to the same family Solanaceae.
Which one of the following organisms is scientifically correctly named, correctly printed according to the International Rules of Nomenclature, and correctly described? [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
(d) Plasmodium falciparum – A protozoan pathogen causes the most serious type of malaria which is falciparum malaria.
Musca domestica-House fly, an insect belongs to phylum arthropoda.
Felis Tigris – The Bengal tiger, is well protected in Sundarbans (tiger reserve)
E.coli-Escherichia coli, is a commonly occurring bacterium in the human intestine.
Which one of the following animals is correctly matched with its particular named taxonomic category? [2011]
(a) Tiger and tigris both are from the same genus with a particular taxonomic category.
ICBN stands for [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
(b) ICBN (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) – It is one of the code of nomenclature which is independent of zoological and bacteriological nomenclature. The code applies equally to names of taxonomic groups treated as plants whether or not these groups were originally treated as such.
Phenetic classification is based on [2003,2004]
(d) Phenetic classification is based upon observable characteristics of an organism. Phylogenetic system of classification is a system indicating the evolutionary or phylogenetic relationship of organisms.
Biosystematics aims at [CBSE AIPMT 2003]
(d) Biosystematics is the study of diversity of organism and all their comparative and evolutionary relationships.
Biosystematics is the science through which life forms are discovered, identified, described, named, classified and catalogued, with their diversity, life histories, living habits, roles in an ecosystem, and spatial and geographical distributions recorded.
Species are considered as [CBSE AIPMT 2003]
(b) Species is the lowest or basic taxonomic category comprising of one or more natural populations of individuals that interbreed freely.
What is true for individuals of the same species? [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
(c) Individuals of the same species can interbreed. No two individuals share the same ecological niche.
The practical purpose of the classification of living organisms is to [CBSE AIPMT 1999]
(d) Biological classification is the scientific arrangement of organisms in a hierarchical series of groups and subgroups on the basis of similarities and differences in their traits. It helps in building evolutionary pathways and in identifying new organisms which facilitates the identification of unknown organisms.
A taxon is [1990,1991,1992,1996]
(d) Taxon is a taxonomic group of any rank. E.g. Family, Genus, Species, etc.
Binomial nomenclature was introduced by [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(b) Linnaeus.
Binomial nomenclature, also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.
Species is a [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(a) Species is the basic unit of classification. It is defined as a group of natural populations whose members can interbreed among themselves and are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
Binomial nomenclature consists of two words [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(a) Binomial nomenclature consists of two words – genus and species. The first word denotes genus name and the second word denotes species name.
Binomial nomenclature means [CBSE AIPMT 1993]
(b) Binomial nomenclature means the scientific name of any organism consist of a generic and a specific epithet. A generic name starts with a capital letter and a specific name with a small letter. Both the names are in Italics when printed, or underlined in manuscripts.
Linnaeus is credited with [CBSE AIPMT 1993]
(d) Binomial Nomenclature.
Sequence of taxonomic categories is [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
(c) With the discovery of more and more organisms, it sometimes becomes, difficult to adjust an organism to the traditional categories. Therefore to make the taxonomic position of a species more precise, the various obligate categories in hierarchial classification are explained below.
Division \(\rightarrow\) Class \(\rightarrow\) Order \(\rightarrow\) Family \(\rightarrow\) Tribe \(\rightarrow\) Genus \(\rightarrow\) Species
An important criterion for modern-day classification is [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
(b) Modern-day classification is new systematics or biosystematics which includes all the characteristics of organisms gathered from the study of different sections like physiology, ecology, anatomy, biochemistry, and cytology.
Linnaeus evolved a system of nomenclature called [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
(b) A system for classification was developed by Carolus Linnaeus and is known as “Binomial nomenclature”. This system provides organisms with appropriate and distinct names consisting of two words, the generic name, and the specific epithert. E.g. potato is named as Solanum tuberosum. Solanum represents genus and tuberosum species. The first name or genus begins always with a capital letter and the second or species name with a small letter, and both are separately underlined when written and italicised when printed.
The basic unit or smallest taxon of taxonomy/ classification is [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
(d) Species, the basic unit for understanding taxonomy, occupies a key position. It is defined as a dynamic genetically distinct group of organisms, which resemble each other in all respect and freely interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offspring.
Study the four statements (I-IV) given below and select the two correct ones out of them: [NEET 2016]
I. Definition of biological species was given by Ernst Mayr.
II. Photoperiod does not affect reproduction in plants.
III. Binomial nomenclature system was given by RH Whittaker.
IV. In unicellular organisms, reproduction is synonymous with growth.
The two correct statements are
(c) Statements I and IV are correct. The correct forms of II and IIl are as follows:
(II) Photoperiod does affect the reproduction in plants.
(III) Binomial nomenclature was given by Carolus Linnaeus.
Which one of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop in humans? [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
(a) Skin blood vessels constrict and skeletal muscles contract due to the cold is an example of a negative feedback mechanism of homeostasis.
Carbohydrates the most abundant biomolecules on earth, are produced by [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
(c) Some photosynthetic bacteria such as Rhodopseudomonas can prepare carbohydrates. But during this type of food synthesis \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) is not evolved because, in this case, the hydrogen donor is other than \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\).
Algae (green and blue-green) and all green plant cells prepare their food (carbohydrate) through photosynthesis. Here, hydrogen ions are donated by water molecules by the process of photolysis of water, i.e. \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) is released during this type of food synthesis.
More than \(70 \%\) of the world’s fresh water is contained in [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
(d) Three fourth surface of the earth (about \(71 \%\) of total) is occupied by oceans which contain \(97.5 \%\) of total water. This is marine water with about \(3.5 \%\) salt contents.
Rest water, i.e. \(2.5 \%\) is freshwater which occurs on land. Most amount of this water (about \(1.97 \%\) ) occurs as Frozen ice caps and glaciers and \(0.5\%\) fresh water occurs as ground water.
There is no life on moon due to the absence of [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
(b) Water is an essential constituent of the cytoplasm of all living organisms. It helps in the distribution of substances within the organism, elimination of waste products,
maintenance of body temperature, etc. It is absent on the moon. Anaerobic organisms that can live in the absence of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\). Light and temperature are already known to exist on the moon.
Which of the following is against the rules of ICBN? [NEET]
(d) Correct answer is (d), Generic and specific names should be written starting with small letters.
Select the correctly written scientific name of Mango which was first described by Carolus Linnaeus. [NEET 2023]
(c) According to rules of binomial nomenclature, the correctly written scientific name of mango is Mangifera indica Linn. as first described by Carolus Linnaeus. So, the correct answer is ‘Mangifera indica Linn.’
Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules of nomenclature? [NEET 2023]
(c) Biological names are derived either from the Latin language or are latinised. This is because Latin language is a dead language and therefore it will not change in form or spelling with the passage of time.
Which of the following is the correct scientific name of wheat-derived by binomial nomenclature? [AIIMS 2011]
(c) The correct option is (c) Triticum aestivum
The rules of binomial nomenclature states that
1. All living organisms should have scientific name consisting of two words, the first is the genus and starts with a capital letter and the second is the species, starting with a small letter.
2. All names should be in italics if typed or printed.
3. When handwritten, the two words of the scientific name are separately underlined.
So the correct scientific name of wheat is Triticum aestivum.
Assertion: Consciousness is considered as the defining property of living organisms.
Reason: All organisms, from the prokaryotes to the most complex eukaryotes can sense and respond to environmental stimuli. [AIIMS 2011]
(a) Consciousness is awareness of the surroundings and responding to external stimuli. The external stimuli can be physical, chemical, or biological. All organisms, from primitive prokaryotes to most advanced and complex eukaryotes, are able to sense and respond to environmental factors. Consciousness is thus said to be the defining property of living organisms.
Binomial nomenclature means [AMU 2015]
(d) Binomial nomenclature system was given by Carolus Linnaeus and is universally accepted. In this naming system, the first is the generic name (genus) and the other one is the specific epithet (species).
Which one of the following belongs to the Family Muscidae? [NEET 2022]
(a) House fly belongs to family Muscidae.
In the system of classification, which one of the following is not a category? [MH CET]
(c) Among the given options, Angiospermae is not a taxonomic category rather it is a division of angiosperms.
Study the four statements (A-D) given below and select the two correct ones out of them. [NEET 2022]
A. Definition of biological species was given by Ernst Mayr.
B. Photoperiod does not affect reproduction in plants.
C. Binomial nomenclature system was given by R.H. Whittaker.
D. In unicellular organisms, reproduction is synonymous with growth.
The two correct statements are
(c) Photoperiod affects the reproduction in plants by regulating the flowering timing of the plants.
The binomial system of nomenclature was given by Carolus Linnaeus. R. H. Whittaker proposed 5 kingdom classification of living organisms. So, the correct option is ‘a and d’.
Match column I with column II for housefly classification and select the correct option using the codes given below. [NEET 2023]
\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|r|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Family } & \text { (i) } & \text { Diptera } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Order } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Arthropoda } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Class } & \text { (iii) } & \text { Muscidae } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Phylum } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Insecta } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
(a) Following is the correct systemic position of housefly musca domestica
Phylum – Arthropoda
Class – Insecta
Order – Diptera
Family – Muscidae
Genus – Musca
Species – domestica
Animals are classified into hierarchical groups. In which one of the following, the largest number of species is found? [WB JEE]
(d) Cohort
Cohort is a formal taxonomic category in between infra- class and super- order in plant kingdom but not in animals.
Class \(\rightarrow\) Sub Class \(\rightarrow\) Infra Class \(\rightarrow\) Cohort \(\rightarrow\) Super Order \(\rightarrow\) Order
The common characteristics between tomato and potato will be maximum at the level of their [NEET 2021]
(a) The scientific name of potato is Solanum tuberosum and the scientific name of tomato is Lycopersicum esculantum, both come under the same family Solanaceae but their genera are different, hence the common characteristics between tomato and potato will be maximum at the level of their family, not a genus.
Which of the following is correctly matched without exception in regard to plant classification? [AIIMS]
(a) All plant families end with -ae suffix. However, it differs for division, class, and genus.
The hierarchical arrangement of taxonomic categories in descending order is [AMU]
(a) The hierarchial arrangement of taxonomic categories in descending order is as follows Kingdom \(\rightarrow\)
Phylum/Division \(\rightarrow\) Class \(\rightarrow\) Order \(\rightarrow\) Family \(\rightarrow\) Genus \(\rightarrow\) Species.
Arrange the following in the ascending order of Linnaean hierarchy. [NEET 2024]
(d) Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the identification and classification of organisms. Carolus Linnaeus is the father of taxonomy. He classified organisms from domain to species level of organization based on their characteristics. The broadest category is the domain. Species is the most basic level of classification. Thus the correct answer is option d.
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