NCERT Exemplar MCQs

Summary

  • Ordered pair: A pair of elements grouped together in a particular order.
  • Cartesian product: \(A \times B\) of two sets \(A\) and \(B\) is given by
    \(
    A \times B =\{(a, b): a \in A , b \in B \}
    \)
    In particular \(R \times R =\{(x, y): x, y \in R \}\)
    and \(R \times R \times R =\{(x, y, z): x, y, z \in R \}\)
  • If \((a, b)=(x, y)\), then \(a=x\) and \(b=y\).
  • If \(n( A )=p\) and \(n( B )=q\), then \(n( A \times B )=p q\).
  • \(A \times \phi=\phi\)
  • In general, \(A \times B \neq B \times A\).
  • Relation: \(A\) relation \(R\) from a set \(A\) to a set \(B\) is a subset of the cartesian product \(A \times B\) obtained by describing a relationship between the first element \(x\) and the second element \(y\) of the ordered pairs in \(A \times B\).
  • The image of an element \(x\) under a relation \(R\) is given by \(y\), where \((x, y) \in R\),
  • The domain of \(R\) is the set of all first elements of the ordered pairs in a relation \(R\).
  • The range of the relation \(R\) is the set of all second elements of the ordered pairs in a relation \(R\).
  • Function: \(A\) function \(f\) from a set \(A\) to a set \(B\) is a specific type of relation for which every element \(x\) of set A has one and only one image \(y\) in set \(B\).
    We write \(f: A \rightarrow B\), where \(f(x)=y\).
  • \(A\) is the domain and \(B\) is the codomain of \(f\).
  • The range of the function is the set of images.
  • A real function has the set of real numbers or one of its subsets both as its domain and as its range.
  • Algebra of functions: For functions \(f: X \rightarrow R\) and \(g: X \rightarrow R\), we have
    \(
    \begin{aligned}
    & (f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x), x \in X \\
    & (f-g)(x)=f(x)-g(x), x \in X \\
    & (f . g)(x)=f(x) \cdot g(x), x \in X
    \end{aligned}
    \)
    \((kf)(x)=k(f(x)), x \in X\), where \(k\) is a real number.
    \(
    \left(\frac{f}{g}\right)(x)=\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}, x \in X , g(x) \neq 0
    \)

You cannot copy content of this page