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Ethylene is used for
(b) Ethylene is a fruit ripening hormone. It stimulates the biochemical changes which take place upon fruit ripening.
Coconut water contains
(c) Coconut milk is the liquid endosperm in unripened fruit and is rich in plant hormone cytokinin. The other hormones are absent in coconut milk.
The affect of apical dominance can be overcome by which of the following hormone:
(d) Presence of cytokinin in an area causes preferential movement of nutrients towards it. When applied to lateral buds, they help in their growth despite the presence of apical bud. They thus act antagonistically to auxin which promotes apical dominance. Therefore cytokinin can overcome apical dominance, caused by auxins.
Match the following:
A. IAA i. Herring sperm DNA
B. ABA ii. Bolting
C. Ethylene iii. Stomatal closure
D. GA iv. Weed-free lawns
E. Cytokinins v. Ripening of fruits
Options
(a)
A. IAA-Weed free lawn 2-4 D and synthetic indole acetic acid kill the broad leaf weeds Thus, used as weedicides.
B. ABA-Stomatal closure ABA is a stress hormone. Under water-stressed conditions, it shuts down stomata to reduce the rate of transpiration.
C. Ethylene, a gaseous hormone is responsible for the ripening of fruits.
D. GA Gibberellic acid does the phenomenon of bolting, i.e., when sprayed on the plant, it increases the internodal region of the stem, thus making a plant extremely tall.
E. Cytokinin was isolated from herring sperm DNA, for the first time.
Other options are incorrect.
Apples are generally wrapped in waxed paper to
(b) Ethylene is a plant hormone. It is also called as ripening hormone as it is responsible for the ripening of fruits. Fruit ripening is accompanied by an increased rate of respiration. Due to increased respiration, complex carbohydrates are broken down into simpler sugars and the cell wall becomes soft. Hence, apples are generally wrapped in waxed paper to slow down the ripening process. Wrapped apples have a low respiration rate and prevent ethylene formation.
Growth can be measured in various ways. Which of these can be used as parameters to measure growth
(d) Growth at a cellular level is principally a consequence of an increase in the amount of protoplasm. Growth is, measured by a variety of parameters such as
(i) Increase in length, e.g., stem, root, pollen tube.
(ii) Increase in volume e.g., fruits.
(iii) Increase in the area, e.g., leaves.
(iv) Increase in diameter, e.g., tree trunks, fruits.
(v) Increase in fresh. or dry weight.
One single maize root apical meristem can give rise to more than 17,500 new cells per hour, whereas cells in watermelon may increase in size by upto 3,50,000 times. In the former, growth is expressed as an increase in cell number; the latter expresses growth as an increase in the size of the cell. So the correct answer is all the above.
The term synergistic action of hormones refers to
(b) Synergistic effect means when two hormones work together, they increase the effect or functioning of each other so, there will be an enhanced effect of both the hormones.
Plasticity in plant growth means that
(b) Different kinds of structures develop in plants in different phases of growth or in response to the environment. This ability is called plasticity.
To increase sugar production in sugarcanes, they are sprayed with
(c) Sugarcane stores carbohydrates in its stem. Spraying the sugarcane crop with gibberellins increases the length of stem and yield of sugarcane to as much as 20 tonnes/acre.
ABA acts antagonistic to
(c) Gibberellic acid ABA is a stress hormone as it induces seed dormancy in plants. Whereas gibberellic acid breaks down seed dormancy and induces seed germination so, both act opposite to each other, the refer are antagonistic to each other.
Monocarpic plants are those which
(b) Monocarpic plants flower once and die. The plants like Bamboo flower only once during their life cycle. Thus, these plants are called monocarpic plants.
The photoperiod in plants is perceived at
(d) It has been experimentally demonstrated that photoperiodic stimulus is perceived by leaves. This conclusion is based on the following observations
(i) A plant from which all the leaves have been removed fails to flower even after getting the required inductive cycles.
(ii) In Xanthium (a short-day plant) flowering occurred if one-eighth of a leaf was exposed to short days.
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