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A transverse section of stem is stained first with safranin and then with fast green following the usual schedule of double staining for the preparation of a permanent slide. What would be the colour of the stained xylem and phloem?
(a) The xylem is coloured red with safranin and phloem green with fast green, whereas other colours are not given by safranin and fast green.
\(
\begin{aligned}
&\text { Match the followings and choose the correct option from below }\\
&\begin{array}{llll}
& \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\text { A. } & \text { Meristem } & \text { i. } & \text { Photosynthesis, storage } \\
\text { B. } & \text { Parenchyma } & \text { ii. } & \text { mechanical support } \\
\text { C. } & \text { Collenchyma } & \text { iii. } & \text { Actively dividing cells } \\
\text { D. } & \text { Sclerenchyma } & \text { iv. } & \text { stomata } \\
\text { E. } & \text { Epidermal tissue } & \text { v. } & \text { sclereids }
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
\)
Select the right option
(b) Meristem It is a group of actively dividing cells which is responsible for the lifelong growth occurring in the plants.
Parenchyma It is a permanent tissue and widely distributed in the plant body. It is mainly involved in photosynthesis in chlorophyll-containing cells and also stores food materials. Collenchyma The cells of collenchyma tissue have thickening at the corners of cells and this provides mechanical strength to herbaceous green stems.
Sclerenchyma This tissue is dead at maturity, have thickening along all sides of walls. Sclereids and fibre are these types of tissue.
Epidermal tissue The epidermal tissue system forms the outermost covering of the whole plant body and comprises epidermal cells, stomata, and the epidermal appendages the trichomes, and hairs.
\(
\begin{aligned}
&\text { Match the following and choose the correct option from below }\\
&\begin{array}{llll}
\text { Column I }Â &\text { Column II } \\
\text { A. Cuticle } & \text { i. }Â \text { guard cells } \\
\text { B. Bulli form cells } & \text { ii. }Â \text { single layer } \\
\text { C. } \text { Stomata } & \text { iii. }Â \text { waxy layer } \\
\text { D. Epidermis } & \text { iv. }Â \text { empty colourless cell }
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
\)
Select the right option.
(a) Cuticle It is a waxy layer present all over the plant body except the root. Bulliform Cells These are empty colourless cells when the bulliform cells in the leaves absorbed water and become turgid the leaf surface is exposed. When they are flaccid due to water stress, they make the leaves curl inwards to minimise water loss.
Stomata These are minute apertures in the epidermis, meant for gas exchange. Each aperture is bounded by two kidney-shaped cells, called guard cells. Guard cells control the closing and opening of stomata.
Epidermis It is generally uniseriate, i.e., composed of a single layer of epidermal cells. In some cases epidermis may be multilayered, e.g., Ficus, Nerium.
Identify the simple tissue system from the following
(c) Epidermis is usually a single-layered structure, present on the entire body surface of the plant and this makes an epidermal tissue system. It consists of the epidermis, cuticle, stomata unicellular hairs, and multicellular trichomes.
Whereas, parenchyma is a kind of tissue present in all organs of the plant, e.g., roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Xylem and phloem are the complex tissue found in all vascular plants.
Cells of this tissue are living and show angular wall thickening. They also provide mechanical support. The tissue is
(c) Collenchyma This tissue provides mechanical support mainly to the herbaceous young growing stem. The cells have angular thickening at the corners. Whereas, xylem is a conductive complex tissue, that transports water and mineral.
Sclerenchyma is dead at maturity, present in hard areas of the plant. The epidermis is usually a single-layered structure present on the entire body surface of the plant.
Epiblema of roots is equivalent to
(c) Epidermis It is usually a single-layered structure, present all over the body surface of the plant. In the case of root, it is called epiblema instead of epidermis.
Whereas stele is a collective term for vascular tissues in the case of vascular plants (pteridophyte gymnosperms and angiosperms).
Endodermis and Pericycle are the part of root or stem encircling vascular strands.
A conjoint and open vascular bundle will be observed in the transverse section of
(d) Dicot Stem: Vascular bundles are said to be open when cambium is present in between the xylem and phloem. Conjoint means the xylem and phloem are united and are present on the same radius.
Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are formed due to
(c) Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are formed due to cell dedifferentiation. Differentiation The process which leads to the maturation of cells is called differentiation. During differentiation, a few or major changes happen in the protoplasm and cell walls of the cells.
Dedifferentiation A differentiated cell can regain its capacity for cell division under certain conditions. This phenomenon is called dedifferentiation. Formation of interfascicular cambium and cork cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells is an example of dedifferentiation.
Redifferentiation A dedifferentiated plant cell once again loses its capacity to divide and becomes mature. This phenomenon is called redifferentiation.
In which of the following pairs of parts of a flowering plant is epidermis absent?
(a) In root tip and shoot tip, epidermis is absent.
How many shoot apical meristems are likely to be present in a twig of a plant possessing 4 branches and 26 leaves
(c) Apical Meristem It is always present at the growing apices. Plants having 4 branches and 26 leaves will have 5 growing apices (4 growing apex of the branches + one growing apex of the main plant axis).
A piece of wood having no vessels (trachea) must belong to
(c) Pine It is a gymnosperm. The plants belonging to this group do not have vessels instead, they have tracheids. Whereas teak, mango, and palm are angiospermic trees. Angiospermic xylem contains vessels, tracheids, parenchyma, and fibres.
A plant tissue, when stained, showed the presence of hemicellulose and pectin in the cell wall of its cells. The tissue represents
(a) Collenchyma It is a group of specialised cells meant for mechanical support. It has a thickening at the corners of the cells which is mainly because of the deposition of pectin and hemicellulose.
In conifers fibres are likely to be absent in
(b) In conifers fibres are likely to be absent in secondary xylem.
When we peel the skin of a potato tuber, we remove
(a) Periderm Potato is an underground stem. The outer epidermal layer of the stem is known as the periderm. So when we remove the skin of potato, we are actually removing the periderm.
What is the fate of primary xylem in a dicot root showing extensive secondary growth?
(a) The fate of primary xylem in a dicot root showing extensive secondary growth because it is retained in the centre of the axis.
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