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All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to
(b) Monera-Kingdom of prokaryotes
All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to protista.
The five kingdom classification was proposed by
(a) This phylogenetic classification was proposed by R.H. Whittaker (1969). He created new kingdom ‘Fungi’. The five kingdom classification are as follows: 1. Plantae, 2. Animalia, 3. Protista. 4. Monera and 5. Fungi.
Whittaker has used 5 criteria for the 5 kingdom classification and are as follows:
1. Reproduction,
2. Cell structure,
3. Phylogenetic relationships,
4. Mode of nutrition,
5. Thallus organisation
Organisms living in salty areas are called as
(b)
– Halophiles: Bacteria living in extremely salty areas.
– Thermoacidophiles: Bacteria living in hot springs/deep sea water.
E.g.: Thermococcus
– Methanogens: Bacteria living in marshy areas and produce methane gas.
– Heliophytes: Sun loving plants
Naked cytoplasm, multinucleated and saprophytic are the characteristics of
(d) Slime moulds are saprophytic protists, without cell walls. The spores of slime moulds possess true walls. Thalloid multinucleate body of a slime mould is called plasmodium. Spores are dispersed by air currents.
E.g.: Acellular slime mould-Physarum, Cellular slime mould-Dictyostelium.
An association between roots of higher plants and fungi is called
(c) Mycorrhiza are symbiotic associations, i.e. mutually useful associations, between higher plants and fungi. This relationship is best known as mutualism.
A dikaryon is formed when
(b) In some fungi the fusion of two haploid cells immediately results in diploid cells (\(2n\)). However, in other fungi (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), an intervening dikaryotic stage ( \(n+n\), i.e. two nuclei per cell) occurs. Such a condition is called a dikaryon and the phase is called dikaryophase of fungus. A dikaryotic cell has two dissimilar haploid nuclei.
Contagium vivum fluidum was proposed by
(b) D.J. Ivanowsky (1892) discovered the virus and has recognised certain microbes as causal organism of the mosaic disease of tobacco. M.W. Beijerinck (1898) demonstrated that the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants and called the fluid as Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid). W. M. Stanley (1935) first time showed that viruses could be crystallised and crystals consist largely of proteins.
Associations between Mycobiont and Phycobiont are found in
(c) Association between mycobiont and phycobiont are found in lichens.
Difference between Virus and Viroid is
(a) Viroids are smaller than viruses and the cause of potato spindle tuber disease, chrysanthemum stunt disease. It was found to be a free RNA and lacked the protein coat that is found in viruses, hence the name viroid.
With respect to fungal sexual cycle, choose the correct sequence of events
(c) The sexual cycle involves the following three steps:
1. Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes called plasmogamy.
– Plasmogamy is fusion of two haploid cells without nuclear fusion.
2. Fusion of two nuclei is called karyogamy.
3. Meiosis in zygote resulting in haploid spores.
Viruses are non-cellular organisms but replicate themselves once they infect the host cell. To which of the following kingdom do viruses belong to?
(d) Viruses did not find a place in classification since they are not truly ‘living’ if we understand living as those organisms that have a cell structure. Viruses are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes. They are inert outside their specific host cell and cannot multiply of their own because they lack cellular machinery to use its genetic material. Viruses can only multiply in host or living cell.
Members of phycomycetes are found in
i. Aquatic habitats
ii. On decaying wood
iii. Moist and damp places
iv. As obligate parasites on plants
Choose from the following options
(d) Members of Phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats, on decaying wood, moist and damp places and as obligate parasites on plants.
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