Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.
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Assertion: In dicot stem, endodermis is also called as starch sheath.
Reason: The cells of the endodermis are rich in starch grains.
(a) The cells of the endodermis are rich in starch grains therefore layer is also referred to as the starch sheath.
Assertion: Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and closed in dicot stem.
Reason: Vascular bundles are conjoint, collaterat and open in Cucurbita stem.
(d) In dicot stem such as Cucurbita each vascular bundle consists of phloem on the outer side, xylem towards the inner side and a strip of cambium in between the two. Phloem and xylem tissues lie on the same radius. Such vascular bundles are known as conjoint (with both phloem and xylem), collateral (phloem and xylem on the same radius) and open. In monocot stem, phloem lies towards the outside and the xylem on the inner side. Cambium is absent as the whole procambium is consumed in the formation of vascular tissues. The vascular bundles are, therefore, conjoint, collateral and closed.
Assertion: In dicot leaf, epidermis covers both the upper surface (adaxial epidermis) and lower surface (abaxial epidermis).
Reason: The adaxial epidermis bears more stomata than the abaxial epidermis.
(c) Most of the dicotyledonous leaves are dorsiventral. Epidermis covers both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf. Both upper and lower epidermis consist of rectangular parenchymatous cells. The abaxial epidermis generally bears more stomata than adaxial epidermis. Sometimes adaxial epidermis may even lack stomata.
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