Directions : In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.
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Assertion : Introduction of sex education in schools should be encouraged.
Reason : Sex education in schools will encourage children to believe in myths about sex related aspects.
(c) : Introduction of sex education in schools should be encouraged to provide right information to the young children and to discourage them from believing in myths and having misconceptions about sex-related aspects.
Assertion : Periodic abstinence is a method in which couples avoid from coitus from day 17 to 27 of menstrual cycle.
Reason : Periodic abstinence has limited effectiveness because menstrual cycles are not regular always.
(d) : Periodic abstinence is a natural method in which the couples avoid or abstain from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle when ovulation could be expected. The effectiveness
of this method is limited because only a few women have regular menstrual cycle and thus the actual time of ovulation cannot be predicted as the ovulation in humans occurs about 14 days before the onset of the next menstruation.
Assertion : As long as the mother breast-feeds the child fully, chances of conception are almost nil.
Reason : Lactational amenorrhea method is based on the fact that ovulation does not occur during the period of intense lactation.
(a) : Lactational amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) method is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore the cycle does not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition. \(\square\)
Assertion : In barrier methods, ovum and sperms are prevented from physical meetings.
Reason : Barrier methods are used during coitus, to prevent the entry of ejaculated semen into the female reproductive tract.
(a) : In barrier methods, ovum and sperms are prevented from physically meeting with the help of barriers. Such methods are available for both males and females. Condoms are barriers made of thin rubber/latex sheath that are used to cover the penis in the male or vagina and cervix in the female, just before coitus so that the ejaculated semen would not enter into the female reproductive tract. This can prevent conception.
Assertion : Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are barriers made of rubber.
Reason : Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are inserted into the male reproductive tract during coitus.
(c) : Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are barriers made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus. They prevent conception by blocking the entry of sperms through the cervix.
Assertion : Pills are very effective contraceptives with few side effects.
Reason : Pills inhibit ovulation and implantation.
(a)
Assertion : Saheli, the new oral contraceptive for the females contains a steroidal preparation.
Reason : ‘Saheli’ is taken once in a week after initial intake of twice a week dose for 3 months.
(d) : Saheli – the new oral contraceptive for the females contains a non-steroidal preparation. It is a ‘once a week’ pill with very few side effects and high contraceptive value.
Assertion : Sterilisation is a terminal method used only for males.
Reason : Sterilisation is highly effective and its reversibility is very poor.
(d) : Sterilisation, is generally advised for both male and female partner as a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies. These techniques are highly effective but their reversibility is very poor.
Assertion : In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up.
Reason : In tubectomy, a small part of the Fallopian tube is removed or tied up.
(b)
Assertion: Second trimester abortions are much more complicated.
Reason : After 12 weeks, the fetus becomes intimately associated with the maternal tissues.
(a) : MTP is comparatively safe upto 12 weeks (the first trimester) of pregnancy. It becomes more risky after the first trimester period of pregnancy as the fetus becomes intimately associated with the maternal tissues.
Assertion: Syphilis, gonorrhoea and AIDS are STDs.
Reason: Syphilis, gonorrhoea and AIDS are transmitted through sexual intercourse.
(a)
Assertion : Infertility is the inability to produce children in-spite of unprotected sexual co-habitation.
Reason : Infertile couples could have children using assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
(b)
Assertion : IVF is fertilisation outside the body of woman.
Reason : The zygote upto 8 blastomeres could be transferred into the fallopian tube.
(b) : In IVF, ova from the wife/donor female and sperms from the husband/donor male are induced to form zygote in the laboratory. The zygote is allowed to divide forming 8 blastomeres. The zygote or early embryo is transferred into the Fallopian tube (ZIFT – Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer).
Assertion: IUT is transfer of embryo with more than 8 blastomeres into the fallopian tubes.
Reason : IUT is a very popular method of forming embryos in vitro.
(d) : In IVF method, popularly known as test tube baby programme, ova from the wife/donor (female) and sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. The embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transfered into the uterus (IUT). This is in vitro fertilisation (IVF – fertilisation outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body) followed by embryo transfer \((E T)\).
Assertion : Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a procedure to form an embryo in vitro.
Reason : In ICSI,sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
(b) : Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a specialised procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
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