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All genes located on the same chromosome :
(b)
Morgan showed that genes located on the same chromosome formed one linkage group; however, linkage or no linkage depends on the proximity of the two genes. Genes which are closer show more likelihood of linkage hence the correct option is (b).
Conditions of a karyotype \(2 n \pm 1\) and \(2 n \pm 2\) are called:
(a)
Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in gain or loss of chromosome. This condition is called aneuploidy so the correct answer is (a).
Distance between the genes and percentage of recombination shows:
(b)
Chances of recombination decreases with increased distance between genes. Hence there is an inverse relationship between the two and the correct option is (b).
If a genetic disease is transferred from a phenotypically normal but carrier female to only some of the male progeny, the disease is:
(d)
Here, the defective gene is present on the X-chromosome but the disease is manifested in men and women are carriers. So, the answer is (d).
In sickle cell anaemia glutamic acid is replaced by valine. Which one of the following triplets codes for valine?
(d)
The substitution of amino acid in the globin protein results due to the single base substitution at sixth codon of beta globin gene from GAG to GUG which codes for valine.
Person having genotype \(I^A I^B\) would show the blood group as \(A B\). This is because of:
(b)
When F1 generation resembles both parents, it is co-dominance which is mostly seen in ABO blood grouping. As both \(A\) and \(B\) sugars are dominant, it results in \(A B\) blood group.
ZZ / ZW type of sex determination is seen in:
(d)
This type of sex determination is seen in birds. The female has a ZW combination while the male has ZZ combination so the answer is (d).
A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents?
(b)
In case of TT and Tt; all offspring would be tall (TT, Tt). In case of option ‘ c ‘ no gene for dwarf is present, so all offspring will be tall. In option ‘d’ one of the parent plant is dwarf, so it is incorrect. In option ‘b’ most of the offspring will be tall and a few will be dwarf (TT, Tt, tt). So, ‘b’ is the correct answer.
In a dihybrid cross, if you get \(9: 3: 3: 1\) ratio it denotes that:
(b)
The alleles of two genes are segregating independently. This shows the perfect dihybrid ratio according to Mendel. Hence, the alleles of two genes are segregating independently and therefore the answer is (b).
Which of the following will not result in variations among siblings?
(b)
Linkage happens in all cases whenever two genes are located on the same chromosome and are close to each other. Thus, linkage has nothing to do with variation therefore the answer is (b).
Mendel’s Law of independent assortment holds good for genes situated on the:
(a)
Independent assortment cannot take place in case of options (b), (c) and (d) therefore the answer is (a).
Occasionally, a single gene may express more than one effect. The phenomenon is called:
(c)
When a single gene may express more than one effect then the phenomenon is called pleiotropy.
In a certain taxon of insects some have 17 chromosomes and the others have 18 chromosomes. The 17 and 18 chromosome-bearing organisms are:
(a)
XO type of sex determination is seen in these insects. In such cases, the males have only one X-chromosome and the females have a pair of X-chromosome therefore, the answer is (a).
The inheritance pattern of a gene over generations among humans is studied by the pedigree analysis. Character studied in the pedigree analysis is equivalent to:
(b) The pattern of inheritance of Mendelian disorders can be traced through pedigree analysis so the answer is (b).
It is said that Mendel proposed that the factor controlling any character is discrete and independent. His proposition was based on the:
(b)
Mendel proposed that the factor controlling any character is discrete and independent. His proposition was based on observations that the offspring of a cross, made between the plants having two contrasting characters, would show one character only. In a dihybrid cross, he observed that a particular character behaved independently from another character. Hence, ‘b’ is correct.
Two genes ‘ \(A\) ‘ and ‘ \(B\) ‘ are linked. In a dihybrid cross involving these two genes, the \(F 1\) heterozygote is crossed with homozygous recessive parental type (aa bb). What would be the ratio of offspring in the next generation?
(a)
The ratio of the offspring in the next generation would be 1: 1: \(1: 1\) hence option (a) is correct.
In the F2 generation of a Mendelian dihybrid cross the number of phenotypes and genotypes are:
(d)
For example of dihybrid cross between round yellow (RRYY) and wrinkled green (rryy). In F2 generation there were four Phenotypes: round yellow, round green, wrinkled yellow and wrinkled green. The genotypes were; RRYY, RRYy, RRyy, RrYY, RrYy, Rryy, rrYY, rrYy and rryy. So (d) is correct.
Mother and father of a person with ‘ \(O\) ‘ blood group have ‘ \(A\) ‘ and ‘ \(B\) ‘ blood group respectively. What would be the genotype of both mother and father?
(c)
Possible genotype of parents are; IAi (A blood group) and IBi (B blood group) and phenotype of offspring is ii (O blood group) therefore, the answer is (c).
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