Practice Corner MCQs

Endocrine glands have _____ to carry their secretions to the specific organ.

Which of the following statements regarding hormones is incorrect?

Enzymes, vitamins and hormones can be classified into a single category of biological chemicals, because all of these

Which one of the following statements is correct?

Secretion of which of the following is under control of neurosecretory nerve cells?

The given figure shows main endocrine glands in human body. Identify A to E and select the correct option.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & A & B & C & D & \text { E } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Pineal } & \text { Pituitary } & \text { Thyroid and parathyroid } & \text { Thymus } & \text { Adrenal } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Pituitary } & \text { Pineal } & \text { Thyroid and parathyroid } & \text { Adrenal } & \text { Thymus } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Pituitary } & \text { Pineal } & \text { Thyroid and parathyroid } & \text { Thymus } & \text { Kidney } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Pituitary } & \text { Pineal } & \text { Thyroid and parathyroid } & \text { Thymus } & \text { Adrenal } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

What is the effect of GnRH produced by hypothalamus?

Select the option that correctly identifies the labels A, B, C and D in the given diagram.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & A & B & C & D \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Anterior pituitary } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Posterior } \\
\text { pituitary }
\end{array} & \text { Blood vessels } & \text { Thalamus } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Posterior pituitary } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Anterior } \\
\text { pituitary }
\end{array} & \text { Hypothalamus } & \text { Thalamus } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Anterior pituitary } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Posterior } \\
\text { pituitary }
\end{array} & \text { Portal circulation } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Hypothalamic } \\
\text { neurons }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Hypothalamic } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Posterior } \\
\text { pituitary }
\end{array} & \text { Anterior pituitary } & \text { Portal circulation } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) is produced by

Adrenocorticotropic hormone is secreted by

MSH is secreted by

FSH is secreted by

Which of the following statements about ‘neurohypophysis’ is correct?

Identify A, B, C and D in the given flow chart and select the correct option.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & A & B & C & D \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Neurohypophysis } & \text { Adenohypophysis } & \text { Pars distalis } & \text { Pars intermedia } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Adenohypophysis } & \text { Neurohypophysis } & \text { Pars intermedia } & \text { Pars distalis } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Adenohypophysis } & \text { Neurohypophysis } & \text { Pars distalis } & \text { Pars intermedia } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Neurohypophysis } & \text { Adenohypophysis } & \text { Pars intermedia } & \text { Pars distalis } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

With reference to the pituitary, which of the following statements is correct?

Pituicytes are under the control of

Which of the following hormones does not have a particular target organ in the body?

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of milk from female?

Identify from the following, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in both males and females but functional only in females.

Excess secretion of growth hormone in adults leads to ______.

The gonadotropic hormones are secreted by

LH and FSH are collectively called

Sertoli cells are regulated by the pituitary hormone known as

Ovulation in females is under the control of

Secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum is initiated by

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|r|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { FSH } & \text { (i) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Transported axonally to } \\
\text { neurohypophysis from } \\
\text { hypothalamus }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { MSH } & \text { (ii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Acts on melanocytes and } \\
\text { regulates pigmentation of } \\
\text { skin }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Vasopressin (ADH) } & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Stimulates the growth and } \\
\text { development of ovarian } \\
\text { follicles in female }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Pars intermedia } & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { In human, it is almost } \\
\text { merged with pars distalis }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The function of oxytocin is to help in

Diabetes insipidus occurs due to the hyposecretion of

The hormone, which is related to the urine concentration in mammals, is

ADH

Melatonin is secreted by

The function of pineal body is to

Observe the given figures and select the option that correctly identifies the labels A, B, C and D.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & A & B & C & D \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Parathyroid gland } & \text { Isthmus } & \text { Trachea } & \text { Thyroid gland } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Thyroid gland } & \text { Isthmus } & \text { Trachea } & \text { Parathyroid gland } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Thyroid gland } & \text { Isthmus } & \text { Larynx } & \text { Parathyroid gland } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Thyroid gland } & \text { Corpus luteum } & \text { Trachea } & \text { Parathyroid gland } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which one of the following endocrine glands stores its secretion in the extracellular space before discharging it into the blood?

Goitre is a pathological condition associated with

Exophthalmic goitre is also called

The hormone which regulates the basal metabolism in our body is secreted from

What is the function of calcitonin?

Which hormone promotes cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth?

Which of the following statements is correct for ‘parathormone’?

The blood calcium level is lowered by the deficiency of

\(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) level in body is controlled by

A person is having problem with calcium and phosphorus metabolism in his body. Which one of the following glands may not be functioning properly?

Increase in bleeding time and delay in blood coagulation is due to the deficiency of which hormone?

Which gland atrophies in adults?

Which one of the following is termed temporary gland?

Adrenals are located above

Identify the parts labelled A, B and C in the given figure and select the correct option (second figure is the cross section of ‘ A ‘).

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & A & B & C \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Adrenal gland } & \text { Cortex } & \text { Medulla } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & J G A & \text { Cortex } & \text { Medulla } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Adrenal gland } & \text { Medulla } & \text { Cortex } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Adrenal gland } & \text { Pars distalis } & \text { Pars intermedia } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Underproduction of hormones by adrenal cortex causes _______.

Feeling the tremors of an earthquake, a scared resident of seventh floor of a multistoreyed building starts climbing down the stairs rapidly. Which hormone initiated this action?

Which hormone causes dilation of blood vessels, increased oxygen consumption and glucogenesis?

Adrenaline directly affects

Which of the following is called emergency gland of the body?

Which of the following is a mineralocorticoid?

Reabsorption of \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\)is controlled by which one of the following hormones?

In which of the following options, hormone is not matching with its source and function?

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { Hormone } & \text { Source } & \text { Function } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Glucocorticoids } & \text { Adrenal Cortex } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Produces anti inflammatory } \\
\text { reactions }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Vasopressin } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Posterior } \\
\text { pituitary }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Stimulates resorption of water and } \\
\text { electrolytes }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Parathyroid } \\
\text { hormone }
\end{array} & \text { Thyroid } & \text { Decreases the blood } \mathrm{Ca}^{2+} \text { level } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Melatonin } & \text { Pineal gland } & \text { Maintains sleep-wake cycle } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|c|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Thyroid } & \text { (i) } & \text { Acts on the renal tubules } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Adrenal } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Regulates blood calcium level } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Pituitary } & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Maintains diurnal rhythm of } \\
\text { our body }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Pineal } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Acts on the melanocytes } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Besides corticotropin releasing hormone \((\mathrm{CRH})\), which other hormone also stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

The islets of Langerhans are found in

Insulin is secreted by _____ of the pancreas.

The source of somatostatin is same as that of

Which of the following match is correct?

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Hormone } & \text { Effect } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Oxytocin } & \text { Milk ejection hormone } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Glucagon } & \text { Decreases blood sugar level } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Adrenaline } & \text { Decreases heart rate } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { None of these } & \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following statements regarding glucagon is false?

Select the correct matching of a hormone, its source and function.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { Hormone } & \text { Source } & \text { Function } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Vasopressin } & \text { Posterior pituitary } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Increases loss of water through } \\
\text { urine }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Norepi- } \\
\text { nephrine }
\end{array} & \text { Adrenal medulla } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Increases heart beat, rate of } \\
\text { respiration and alertness }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Glucagon } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Beta-cells of islets } \\
\text { of Langerhans }
\end{array} & \text { Stimulates glycogenolysis } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Prolactin } & \text { Posterior pituitary } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Regulates growth of mammary } \\
\text { glands and milk formation in } \\
\text { females }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following hormone is synthesised in both the brain and endocrine glands?

Select the option that correctly identifies A to E in the given flow chart.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & A & B & C & D & \text { E } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \alpha & \beta & \text { Glucagon } & \text { Hyperglycaemia } & \text { Hypoglycaemia } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \beta & \alpha & \text { Cortisol } & \text { Hypoglycaemia } & \text { Hyperglycaemia } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \beta & \alpha & \text { Cortisol } & \text { Hyperglycaemia } & \text { Hypoglycaemia } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \beta & \alpha & \text { Glucagon } & \text { Hypoglycaemia } & \text { Hyperglycaemia } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which one of the following is not the function of insulin?

Select the mismatched pair from the following.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of insulin?

A patient of diabetes mellitus excretes glucose in urine even when he is kept on a carbohydrate free diet. It is because

Given below are four statements ( A – D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in any two statements.
(A) Thymus secretes (i) which help in differentiation of (ii).
(B) The adrenal medulla secretes (i) which stimulates the breakdown of (ii) to increase the blood glucose concentration during emergency situations.
(C) The Leydig’s cells or (i) present in the intertubular spaces in testis, produce a group of hormones called (ii).
(D) Thyroid gland secretes (i) and triiodothyronine which contain (ii).

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

Read the given statements that define the functions of a particular hormone.
(i) Regulates the development, maturation and functions of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, urethra, etc.
(ii) Stimulates muscular growth of facial and axillary hair, aggressiveness, low pitch of voice, etc.
(iii) Stimulates spermatogenesis.
(iv) Act on CNS and sexual behaviour (libido).
(v) Produce anabolic (synthetic) effect on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
(vi) The Leydig’s cells/interstitial cells (present in intertubular space) secrete this hormone under the influence of \(\mathrm{LH}\).
Which of the following hormones is referred to here?

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Testis } & \text { (i) } & \text { Pigmentation } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Ovaries } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Atrophies in adult } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Thymus } & \text { (iii) } & \text { Estrogen } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Melanin } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Testosterone } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Given below is an incomplete table about certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on the body in humans. Select the option that correctly fills the blanks A, B and C.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\text { Glands }} & \text { Secretion } & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\text { Effect on body }} \\
\hline \text { A } & \text { Estrogen } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Maintenance of } \\
\text { secondary sexual } \\
\text { characters }
\end{array} \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Alpha cells of Islets } \\
\text { of Langerhans }
\end{array} & \text { B } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Raises blood sugar } \\
\text { level }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Anterior pituitary } & \text { C } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Oversecretion } \\
\text { leads to gigantism }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & A & B & C \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Placenta } & \text { Glucagon } & \text { Calcitonin } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Ovary } & \text { Glucagon } & \text { Growth hormone } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Placenta } & \text { Insulin } & \text { Vasopressin } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Ovary } & \text { Insulin } & \text { Calcitonin } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.
\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|c|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Hypothalamus } & \text { (i) } & \text { Relaxin } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Anterior pituitary } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Progesterone } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Testis } & \text { (iii) } & \text { FSH and LH } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Ovary } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Androgen } \\
\hline & & \text { (v) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Gonadotropin } \\
\text { releasing hormone }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?

Which of the following hormones is necessary for the development of secondary sexual characters in human beings?

Match the source gland with its respective hormone and function and select the correct option.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Source gland } & \text { Hormone } & \text { Function } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Anterior } \\
\text { pituitary }
\end{array} & \text { Oxytocin } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Contraction of uterus muscles during child } \\
\text { birth }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Posterior } \\
\text { pituitary }
\end{array} & \text { Vasopressin } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Stimulates reabsorption of water in the } \\
\text { distal tubules in the nephron }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Corpus } \\
\text { luteum }
\end{array} & \text { Testosterone } & \text { Supports pregnancy } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Thyroid } & \text { Thyroxine } & \text { Regulates blood calcium level } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|c|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Oxytocin } & \text { (i) } & \text { Stimulates ovulation } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Prolactin } & \text { (ii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Implantation and } \\
\text { maintenance of pregnancy }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { C. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Luteinising } \\
\text { hormone }
\end{array} & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Milk production in } \\
\text { mammary glands }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Progesterone } & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Uterine contraction during } \\
\text { labour }
\end{array} \\
\hline & & \text { (v) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Reabsorption of water by } \\
\text { nephrons }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Low level of progesterone and estrogen in blood stimulate

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|c|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { ANF } & \text { (i) } & \text { Regulates blood calcium levels } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { MSH } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Decreases blood pressure } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { GIP } & \text { (iii) } & \text { Pigmentation } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { CT } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Inhibits gastric secretion } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which part of body secretes the hormone secretin?

Select the correctly matched pair.

Read the given paragraph and select the option that correctly fills the blanks in it.
Hormones produce their effect on target tissue by binding to specific A called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only. Water soluble hormones usually need B receptors that generate C messengers for regulating cellular metabolism. D soluble hormones can pass through cell membranes and bind to E receptors, mostly nuclear receptors. The hormone receptor complex enters the nucleus and mostly regulates gene expression or chromosome function by the interaction of the hormone-receptor complex with the genome.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } & \text { E } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { proteins } & \text { membrane bound } & \text { secondary } & \text { lipid } & \text { intra cellular } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { lipids } & \text { membrane bound } & \text { secondary } & \text { water } & \text { intra cellular } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { proteins } & \text { membrane bound } & \text { secondary } & \text { lipid } & \text { extra cellular } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { proteins } & \text { membrane bou } & \text { primary } & \text { lipid } & \text { intra cellular } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The given diagram represents the mechanism of action for two categories of hormones. Which of the following options correctly identifies the labels A to I?

Refer to the given diagrammatic representation of the mechanism of action of a protein hormone.

In which of the following options correct labelling of A, B and C is given?

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Generation of second } \\
\text { messenger }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Physiological } \\
\text { responses }
\end{array} & \text { Biochemical responses } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Activation of genes } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Biochemical } \\
\text { responses }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Generation of second } \\
\text { messenger }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Generation of second } \\
\text { messenger }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Biochemical } \\
\text { responses }
\end{array} & \text { Physiological responses } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Biochemical responses } & \text { Activation of genes } & \text { Physiological responses } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

What is correct to say about the hormone action in humans?

According to the accepted concept of hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, then the target organ will

Which one of the following is proteinaceous in chemical nature?

Insulin is a/an

Insulin receptors are

All hypophysiotropic hormones are peptides except

Which of the following hormones is a steroid?

Hormones of which of the following endocrine glands lacks peptides, amines and sulphur?

Which of the following hormones is not a polypeptide?

The given table enlists various hormones and their chemical nature. Select the option which completes the table.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline \text { Hormone } & \text { Chemical composition } \\
\hline \text { (i) } & \text { Peptide } \\
\hline \text { Testosterone } & \text { (ii) } \\
\hline \text { Thyroxine } & \text { (iii) } \\
\hline \text { (iv) } & \text { Amino-acid derivative } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { (i) } & \text { (ii) } & \text { (iii) } & \text { (iv) } \\
\hline \text { (a) } & \text { Cortisol } & \text { Steroid } & \text { Polypeptide } & \text { Estradiol } \\
\hline \text { (b) } & \text { Oxytocin } & \text { Protein } & \text { lodothyronine } & \text { Epinephrine } \\
\hline \text { (c) } & \text { Cortisol } & \text { Protein } & \text { Amine } & \text { Estradiol } \\
\hline \text { (d) } & \text { Oxytocin } & \text { Steroid } & \text { lodothyronine } & \text { Epinephrine } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which one of the following hormones never reaches to cytoplasm?

The signal transduction of steroid hormone across cell is through

Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones, and most likely bind to

Refer to the given figure of pituitary gland and select the correct option for the question that follows.

What will be the effect if part C is removed?

The given figure shows _____.

Pancreas has two types of cells namely islets of Langerhans and acinar cells. In the early years of research on diabetes, extract of this gland was tested on diabetic patients. Results are tabulated below:

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Reduction in blood } \\
\text { sugar level }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Extract of pancreas } & – \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Islet cell extract } & + \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Acinar cell extract } & – \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The correct interpretation is that

Read the following paragraph depicting the interplay of two hormones in women $X$ and $Y$ and select the correct option.
A woman \(X\) exhibits high levels of FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) but low levels of estrogen in blood. Another woman \(Y\) exhibits high levels of both FSH and estrogen in the blood.

Which of the following are influenced by the activity of PTH?
The option containing all correct answers is
I. Kidney
II. Bone
III. Muscle
IV. Intestine
V. Heart