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Who constitute sole members of the Kingdom Monera?
(a) Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera. They are the most
abundant micro-organisms. Bacteria occur almost everywhere. Hundreds
of bacteria are present in a handful of soil. They also live in extreme habitats
such as hot springs, deserts, snow, and deep oceans where very few other
life forms can survive. Many of them live in or on other organisms as
parasites.
Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape. The spherical Coccus is called
(c) Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape: the spherical Coccus (pl.: cocci), the rod-shaped Bacillus (pl.: bacilli), the comma-shaped Vibrium (pl.: vibrio), and the spiral Spirillum (pl.: spirilla).
Which of the following organisms can be found in extreme saline conditions?
Linnaeus used which kingdom of classification?
Smallest taxon of classification is
In which of the following kingdom are Archaea and Nitrogen-fixing organisms classified?
Bentham and Hooker gave which system of classification?
What is the main basis of classification in the five-kingdom system?
Which of the following statements is false about the fungi?
African Sleeping Sickness is caused by
Linnaeus evolved a system of nomenclature called
What is a taxon?
Phylogenetic classification is based on
Static concept of species was proposed by
The protists have which of the following?
Genes of Tobacco Mosaic Virus are
Blue-green algae belong to which group?
Who wrote the book “Genera Plantarum”?
T.O. Diener discovered
ICBN stands for
All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to
(b) Protista is a group of all unicellular eukaryotic plants and animals. The organisms included in this group are either photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, or parasites.
On the other hand
Monera includes prokaryotic like bacteria, unicellular organism
Fungi are eukaryotic but are mostly multicellular (exception yeast is unicellular).
The five kingdom classification was proposed by
(a) RH Whittaker (1969), an American taxonomist in order to develop phylogenetic classification divided organism into five kingdoms, i.e.,
(i) Monera
(ii) Protista
(iii) Fungi
(iv) Plantae
(v) Animalia
Whereas, C Linnaeus developed two-kingdom classification, i.e.,
(i) kingdom-Plantae
(ii) kingdom-Animalia.
and Virchow is associated with the discovery of cell theory.
Organisms living in salty areas are called as
(b) Halophiles are organisms that live in areas of high concentration of salts. The name halophiles is originated from the Greek word that means ‘salt loving’.
Whereas, heliophytes are the plants that grow best in sunlight and can not survive in salty conditions.
Methanogens are the bacteria that produces methane as a metabolic by-product in anaerobic conditions.
Thermoacidophiles are archaebacteria striving under strong acidic environments and high temperatures, but can not tolerate high salt concentrations around them.
Naked cytoplasm, multinucleated and saprophytic are the characteristics of
(d) Slime moulds are saprophytic protists, moving along the dead leaves engulfing organic material. These are multinucleated and do not possess cell wall and have naked cytoplasm.
Whereas, monerans are prokaryotes, which include all bacteria. These do not contain naked cytoplasm, protist are a group of eukaryotic organisms, that bear a well-defined membrane around cytoplasm, maybe uni or multinucleated and fungi lack naked cytoplasm. Their cell has well-developed cell wall made of chitin.
An association between roots of higher plants and fungi is called
(c) Mycorrhiza is the symbiotic association of fungus with roots of higher plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms.
The fungus is dependent on plants for food and shelter, while the plants are benefitted by the fungal hyphae as they are involved in absorption of water and dissolved minerals present in the soil debris and make it available to the plants.
Whereas lichens are the symbiotic association between algae and fungi. Ferns are group of plants, belong to pteridophytes like other vascular plants and BGA is blue-green algae with a prokaryotic cell.
A dikaryon is formed when
(b) Dikaryon is a cell containing two nucleus. This results when two somatic cells fuse but their nucleus does not fuse immediately. Meiosis does not result in such conditions.
Contagium vivum fluidum was proposed by
(b) MW Beijernek proposed contagium vivum fluidum means contagious living fluid. This phrase was first used to describe virus, characteristic in escaping from the finest mesh available.
DJ Ivanowsky was a Russian Botanist who discovered the filterable nature of viruses and one of the founder of virology.
Stanley Miller was a Jewish American chemist experimented on origin of life. Robert Hooke was the first to study and record cells using his primitive microscope.
Associations between Mycobiont and Phycobiont are found in
(c) Lichens are dual organisms which has a permanent symbiotic association of fungus and an alga. The fungal partner is called mycobiont an algal partner is called phycobiont.
Mycorrhiza is association of fungus with roots, but not with an algae, while BGA is blue-green alga a member of Monera having a prokaryotic cell.
Difference between Virus and Viroid is
(a) Virus contains DNA or RNA as genetic material and a protein coat, whereas viroids have no protein coat, but only RNA as their nucleic acid. This is the reason why viroids are carried inside viruses. e.g., hepatitis-D is a viroid that is carried in the capsid of hepatitis-B virus.
With respect to fungal sexual cycle, choose the correct sequence of events
(c) Plasmogamy means fusion of protoplasm and karyogamy means fusion of nucleus. These two events lead to the formation of zygote \((2 n)\) which is diploid structure where meiosis takes place.
Viruses are non-cellular organisms but replicate themselves once they infect the host cell. To which of the following kingdom do viruses belong to?
(d) In five kingdom classification of Whittaker, non-cellular organisms like viruses and viroids are not mentioned. Viruses did not find a place in classification since they are not truly ‘living’ and hence, they are considered as non-cellular.
Monera includes all unicellular prokaryotes called bacteria in which viruses can not be included
Protista includes all eukaryotic unicellular plant and animals and fungi are heterotrophic /parasitic, cellular organism devoid of chlorophyll.
Members of phycomycetes are found in
i. Aquatic habitats
ii. On decaying wood
iii. Moist and damp places
iv. As obligate parasites on plants
Choose from the following options
(d) Phycomycetes are the members of fungi that can thrive well on dead and decaying wood as saprophytes. These prefer to live in moist and damp places and need water for the movement of zoospore and sexual gametes.
Few members of phycomycetes are obligate parasites like Phytophthora infestans causing late blight of potato and Peronospora viticola causing downy mildew of grapes.
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