Practice Corner MCQ

All are the biotechnological applications in order to increase food production except

apiculture
agro-chemical based agriculture
organic farming
genetically engineered crop-based agriculture

Agrochemical based agriculture includes

fertilisers and pesticides
genetically modified crops
RNA interference
all of these

Though Green Revolution has been a resounding success in terms of agricultural production, yet it has failed in its overall social objectives because

it has not succeeded in making India totally and permanently self-sufficient in food
use of agrochemicals becomes very expensive for Indian farmers as well as these have harmful effects on environment
in regional terms, only Punjab and Haryana states, and the eastern plains of river Ganges in West Bengal state, showed reasonably good results, but results were less impressive in other parts of India
all of these

Study the following statements regarding organic farming and select the correct ones.
(i) It utilises genetically modified crops like Bt cotton.
(ii) It uses only naturally produced inputs like compost and biofertilisers.
(iii) It does not use pesticides and urea.
(iv) It produces vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals.

(i) and (ii)
(iii) and (iv)
(ii) and (iii)
(ii), (iii) and (iv)

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the genetic modification of crops?

It makes crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses.
It results in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants.
It helps to reduce post harvest losses.
It enhances the nutritional value of food.

Which of the following enzyme in tomato causes rapid degradation of cell wall and cause early damage to fruit?

Cellulase
Pectinase
Polygalacturonase
Pectinase and cellulase

Select the correct statement regarding golden rice.

It does not require the use of chemical fertilisers.
It is completely resistant to all insect pests and diseases.
It gives high yield but no characteristic aroma.
It gives high yield and is rich in vitamin \(A\).

Golden rice is yellow in colour due to the presence of

riboflavins
\(\beta\)-carotene
vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_1\)
complex genetic material

A transgenic food crop which may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries is

Bt cotton
golden rice
Flavr Savr
Bt corn

Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. Examples of such plants are

cotton and corn
rice and potato
tomato and soybean
all of these

Which of the following risks are associated with genetically modified foods?

Toxicity in human beings
Allergic reactions in human beings
Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms present in alimentary canal
All of these

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Foods derived from transgenic crops are called GM foods.
Statement 2 : Health and food safety concerns have been raised to ensure the safety of GM foods.

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

First genetically modified plant commercially released in India is

Golden rice
Flavr Savr
Bt brinjal
Bt cotton

Which of the following statements is/are correct with regard to the disadvantages of GM crops?

GM crops can affect human health by causing allergic reactions.
Transgenes in commercial crops can endanger native species e.g., the Bt toxin gene expressed in pollen might endanger pollinators like honeybees.
Production of GM crops cause damage to the natural environment and is always costly.
All of these

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : The transgenic food may cause toxicity and produce allergy in human beings.
Statement 2 : The bacteria present in alimentary canal of human beings may become resistant to the antibiotics by taking up the antibiotic resistant gene that is present in the GM food.

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Which one of the following is not used as bio-fertiliser?

Bacillus thuringiensis
Anabaena
Nostoc
Rhizobium

Which of the following agricultural challenges cannot be solved with transgenic techniques?

Crops are damaged by frost or drought
Crops are damaged by insect pests
Public concern about safety of synthetic pesticides
Public preference for organic vegetables

Main objective of production of herbicide resistant GM crops is to

encourage eco-friendly herbicides
reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety
eliminate weeds from the field without the use of manual labour
eliminate weeds from the field without the use of herbicides

Study the following statements regarding Bt toxins produced by bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and select the correct one.

Most strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterans.
Bt toxin proteins do not kill the bacteria themselves because the toxin proteins occur in an inactive form called protoxins.
When an insect ingests the inactive Bt toxin, it is converted to an active form of toxin due to alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the protein toxin crystals.
All of these

Bt toxin genes have been expressed in plants in order to provide resistance against
(i) lepidopterans and fungi
(ii) animals and bacteria
(iii) bacteria and fungi
(iv) coleopterans and dipterans
(v) lepidopterans

(ii) and (iii)
(i), (ii) and (iv)
(iii) and (v)
(iv) and (v)

Bt toxins are

intracellular lipids
intracellular crystalline proteins
extracellular crystalline proteins
intracellular polysaccharides

Bt toxin protein crystals present in bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, do not kill the bacteria themselves because

bacteria are resistant to the toxin
toxins occur as inactive protoxins in bacteria
bacteria enclose toxins in a special sac
none of these

What causes the inactive form of Bt toxin (protoxin) to get converted into its active form in the body of an insect?

Temperature of the gut
Enzymes present in the saliva
Alkaline pH of the gut
There is no specific reason

Bt toxin kills insects by

inhibiting protein synthesis
generating excessive heat
creating pores in the midgut epithelial cells, leading to cell swelling and lysis
obstructing a biosynthetic pathway

The Bt toxin is not toxic to human beings because

the pro Bt toxin activation requires temperature above human body temperature
the Bt toxin recognises only insect-specific targets
the pro Bt toxin activation requires pH lower than that present in human stomach
conversion of pro Bt toxin to Bt toxin takes place in highly alkaline conditions

\(c r y l A b\) and \(c r y l\) Ab produce toxins that control

cotton bollworms and corn borer respectively
corn borer and cotton bollworms respectively
tobacco budworms and nematodes respectively
nematodes and tobacco budworms respectively

Bt corn has been made resistant from corn borer disease by introduction of the gene

cryl Ab
cryll Ab
\(a m p^R\)
\(\operatorname{Trp}\)

Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton are

long fibre and resistance to aphids
medium-yield, long fibre and resistance to beetle pests
high yield and production of toxic protein crystals which kill dipteran pests
high yield and resistance to bollworms

The process of RNA interference has been used to make tobacco plant resistant to

Bacillus thuringiensis
Meloidogyne incognita
flies and mosquitoes
both (a) and (b)

Which of the following is the nematode that attacks the roots of tobacco plants?

Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Meloidogyne incognita
Taenia solium

RNA interference involves

synthesis of cDNA and RNA using reverse transcriptase
silencing of specific mRNA due to complementary RNA
interference of RNA in synthesis of DNA
synthesis of mRNA from DNA

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the process of RNA interference?
(i) This is used to prevent the infestation of protozoans.
(ii) It takes place in some eukaryotic and all prokaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
(iii) The method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule.
(iv) It is a novel strategy to produce pest-resistant plants.

(iii) and (iv)
(i) and (iii)
(i) and (ii)
(ii), (iii) and (iv)

The transgenic plant ‘Flavr Savr’ tomato carries an artificial gene for

delayed ripening process
longer shelf
life enhanced flavour
all of these

‘Flavr Savr’ variety of tomato which remains fresh for a longer period than normal tomato variety

has high amount of enzyme polygalacturonase
has reduced amount of enzyme polygalacturonase
is a pest resistant variety
is rich in vitamin \(A\) and prevents night blindness

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : GMO tomato ‘Flavr Savr’ has increased shelf life and better nutrient quality.
Statement 2 : This is achieved by reducing the amount of cell wall degrading enzyme ‘polygalacturonase’ responsible for fruit softening.

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Hirudin is

a protein produced by Hordeum vulgare, which is rich in lysine
a toxic molecule isolated from Gossypium hirsutum, which reduces human fertility
a protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus which prevents blood clotting
an antibiotic produced by a genetically engineered bacterium Escherichia coli

The best solution to increase crop production without causing environmental hazard is

use of traditional agricultural practices
increased use of agrochemicals and improved crop varieties use of modern agricultural tools use of genetically modified crops
increased use of agrochemicals and improved crop varieties
use of modern agricultural tools use of genetically modified crops

‘nif’ gene for nitrogen fixation in cereal crops is introduced by cloning

Rhizobium meliloti
Bacillus thuringiensis
Rhizopus stolonifer
Agrobacterium tumefaciens

How many recombinant therapeutics worldwide have been approved for human use?

13
25
30
40

How many recombinant therapeutics are being marketed in India?

8
12
15
30

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Most Bt toxins are insect group specific.
RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
The recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses in humans.
Adult-onset diabetes can be controlled by taking insulin at regular time intervals.

Identify the product A in the given figure.

Polypeptide chain A
Polypeptide chain B
Polypeptide chain C
None of these

During the processing of proinsulin into the mature insulin

C-peptide is added to proinsulin
C-peptide is removed from proinsulin
B-peptide is added to proinsulin
B-peptide is removed from proinsulin

Which of the following companies started selling humulin in the year 1983?

Eli Lilly
Genetech
GEAC
None of these

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of

Mycobacterium
Rhizobium
Saccharomyces
Escherichia

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of proinsulin and mature insulin are not correct?
(i) Proinsulin is made up of three polypeptide chains- \(A, B\) and \(C\).
(ii) C – polypeptide chain with 33 amino acids is removed prior to insulin formation.
(iii) Mature insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains- \(A\) and \(B\).
(iv) Polypeptide chain \(A\) has 30 amino acids and polypeptide chain B has 21 amino acids.
(v) Polypeptide chains \(A\) and \(B\) are interconnected by only one S – S linkage.

(i) and (ii)
(iii) and (iv)
(iv) and (v)
(iii), (iv) and (v)

Arrange the steps involved in the production of humulin in the correct sequence and select the correct option.
(i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially
(ii) Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors
(iii) Purification of humulin
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid
(v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
(vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E.coli

(ii), (i), (iv), (iii), (v), (vi)
(i), (iii), (v), (vi), (ii), (iv)
(i), (iv), (v), (ii), (vi), (iii)
(iii), (v), (ii), (i), (vi), (iv)

A genetic disorder can be cured through

rDNA technology
embryo transfer
gene therapy
all of these

Gene therapy can be referred to as

pre-clinical testing for inherited diseases in newborns
treatment of diseases caused by genetic defect
genetic engineering using rDNA technology
cancer treatment using in vitro cultured stem cells

An example of gene therapy is

production of injectible hepatitis \(B\) vaccine
production of vaccines in food crops like potatoes which can be eaten
introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase in persons suffering from SCID
production of test tube babies by artificial insemination and implantation of fertilised eggs

Which of the following statements is incorrect about gene therapy in ADA deficiency?

Lymphocytes from patient's blood are taken out and cultured.
A functional ADA-CDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes.
Lymphocytes are then re-introduced in the body of patient.
Patient does not require periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes.

Adenosine deaminase deficiency can be permanently cured by which of the following methods?

Bone marrow transplantation
Enzyme replacement therapy
Gene therapy at early embryonic stages
All of these

What is the permanent cure of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency in children?

Bone marrow transplantation
Enzyme replacement therapy in which functional ADA is given to patient by injection
Infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes (in which functional ADA – CDNA is introduced) into the patient's blood
Introduction of gene isolated from the bone marrow cells which produce ADA, into the cells of the patient at early embryonic stages

Which of the following statements regarding gene therapy is/are correct?

It is an application of biotechnology, in which a defective gene is manipulated by introduction of a normal, healthy and functional gene.
The genetic disorders that are being investigated for gene therapy, range from sickle-cell anaemia to severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID).
The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4 -year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
All of these

In conventional diagnosis methods like serum analysis, the early detection of disease is not possible. The techniques that help in early detection of disease is

DNA recombinant technology
PCR
ELISA
all of these

Study the following steps which are followed during the process of gene therapy while treating a patient of SCID.
(i) Retrovirus infects lymphocytes extracted from bone marrow of the patient and cultured.
(ii) Engineered cells are injected into patient’s bone marrow.
(iii) Normal allele is inserted into a retrovirus.
(iv) Retrovirus makes a DNA copy of its RNA. This DNA carrying the normal allele gets inserted into the chromosome of the host cell.

Arrange the above given steps in correct sequence and select the correct option.

(iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
(iii), (i), (iv), (ii)
(iv), (ii), (iii), (i)
(iv), (iii), (i), (ii)

For effective treatment of a disease

early diagnosis is required but understanding of its pathophysiology is not required
early diagnosis is not required but understanding of its pathophysiology is required
early diagnosis and understanding of its pathophysiology is required
neither early diagnosis nor understanding of its pathophysiology is required.

Early detection of a disease is possible by

PCR
gene therapy
recombinant DNA technology and ELISA
both (a) and (c)

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement \(1:\) PCR technique is helpful in detecting bacterial and viral diseases even when symptoms of the disease are not yet visible.
Statement 2 : Very low concentrations of bacteria or viruses in human body can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acids using the PCR technique.

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Insulin used for diabetic patients was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs which was more efficient than the genetically engineered insulin.
PCR technique is applied to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients and to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients.
Bone marrow transplantation requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes in ADA deficient patients.
Bioremediation is the one of the applications of biotechnology.

A doctor while operating on an HIV(+)ve patient accidentally cuts himself with a scalpel. Suspecting himself to have contracted the virus which test will he take to rule out/confirm his suspicion?

PCR
Routine urine examination
TLC
DLC

\(\qquad\)
is a single stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule and is used to detect mutated genes.

RNAi
Probe
Plasmid
Primer

Technique used to detect the DNA in a clone is

polymerase chain reaction
gel electrophoresis
chromatography
autoradiography

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding ELISA?

It is used for the early diagnosis of diseases.
It is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction.
Infection by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens like proteins and glycoproteins.
None of these

Molecular probes are used for many genetic disorders like

Duchenne muscular dystrophy
cystic fibrosis
Tay-Sachs disease
all of these

Second generation vaccines are prepared by recombinant DNA technology. Which out of the following are the examples of such vaccines?

Hepatitis \(B\) virus vaccine
Herpes virus vaccine
Salk's polio vaccine
Both (a) and (b)

Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express a foreign gene are called

transgenic animals
somatic hybrids
somaclones
super animals

\(95 \%\) of the existing transgenic animals are

fish
pigs
sheep
mice

The transgenic animals are those which have

foreign RNA in all its cells
foreign DNA in some of its cells
foreign DNA in all its cells
both (a) and (c)

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : Transgenic mouse is termed as ‘super mouse’ because it is twice big in size than the normal mouse.
Statement 2 : In ‘super mouse’, the gene for human growth factor has been introduced and expressed.

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Giant mouse has been produced through

gene transfer
gene differentiation
tissue culture
all of these

Given below are certain features of mouse. Read them and select why mouse is the most preferred animal for studies on gene transfer.
(i) Short estrous cycle and gestation period
(ii) Relatively short generation time
(iii) Convenient in vitro fertilisation
(iv) Production of several offspring per pregnancy

(i) and (ii) only
(i) only
(i), (ii) and (iv) only
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

What is ANDI?

Transgenic cow
Transgenic dog
Transgenic sheep
Transgenic monkey

Identify the name of transgenic sheep from the followings.

Rosie
Dogie
Tracy
ANDI

Which of the following is not a genetically modified rganism (GMO)?

Golden rice
Rosie
Dogie
Dolly

A human protein which is being obtained from transgenic animals and is used to treat emphysema is

alpha-lactalbumin
thyroxine
\(\alpha\)-1-antitrypsin
insulin

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

A. \(\alpha\) – 1-antitrypsin (i) AIDS
B. Transposon (ii) Gene therapy
C. ELISA (iii) Emphysema
D. Retroviral vector (iv) Mobile genetic element

A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)
A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)
A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)

Match column I containing transgenic organisms with their specific characteristics in column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

A. Golden rice (i) Protein-enriched milk
B. Bt cotton (ii) Increased shelf life
C. Flavr Savr (iii) Enriched with vitamin A
D. Rosie cow (iv) High yield and pest resistant

A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)
A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(i)
A-(ii), B-(iv), D-(iii), D-(i)
A-(i), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(iii)

Which of the following is not a benefit of transgenic animals?

Investigation of new treatments for diseases
Early detection of diseases
Testing the safety of vaccines
To produce useful biological products

The organisation which makes decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services is

Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
Genome Environment Action Committee
Genetic Environment Approval Committee
Genetics and Ethical Issue Action Committee

CLASS-XII BIOLOGY + NEET

Practice Corner MCQ

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