Practice Corner MCQ

Microbes are present in

Which of the following microbes is a proteinaceous infectious agent?

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

Refer to the given figure and select the correct match.

The nutritive medium for growing bacteria and many fungi in laboratory is called

The inoculum is added to the fresh milk in order to convert milk into curd, the term ‘inoculum’ here refers to

Study the following statements regarding lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which are used to convert milk into curd.
(i) They produce acids that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins.
(ii) A small amount of curd added to the fresh milk as an inoculum contains millions of LAB, which at suitable temperature, multiply and convert milk into curd.
(iii) Conversion of milk into curd improves its nutritional quality by increasing vitamin \(B_{12}\).
(iv) LAB may result in acidity in the stomach of human beings.
Which of the given statements are correct?

Read the following statements and select the incorrect one.

Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : Besides curdling of milk, LAB also improve its nutritional quality by increasing vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_{12}\).
Statement 2 : LAB, when present in human stomach, check disease causing microbes.

Which one of the following combinations of organisms are responsible for the formation and flavour of yogurt?

Which of the following food items is produced by the fermenting activity of microbes?
A. Idli
B. Dosa
C. Toddy
D. Cheese

Study the following flow chart depicting the formation of curd from milk. Identify the missing parts X and Y.

Match different organisms in column I with their uses in column II and select the correct option from the given below codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|c|l|}
\hline & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Column I } \\
\text { (Organisms) }
\end{array} & & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Column II } \\
\text { (Uses) }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { A. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Lactobacillus } \\
\text { acidophilus }
\end{array} & \text { (i) } & \text { Formation of dough } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Saccharomyces } \\
\text { cerevisiae }
\end{array} & \text { (ii) } & \text { Single cell proteins } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Propionibacterium } \\
\text { shermanii }
\end{array} & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Conversion of milk into } \\
\text { curd }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Spirulina } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Formation of Swiss cheese } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following organisms is used in the production of beverages?

Identify the blank spaces A, B, C and D in the following table and select the correct option.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline \begin{array}{c}
\text { Type of } \\
\text { microbe }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}
\text { Scientific } \\
\text { name }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}
\text { Commercial } \\
\text { product }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Bacterium } & \text { A } & \text { Lactic acid } \\
\hline \text { Fungus } & \text { B } & \text { Cyclosporin A } \\
\hline \text { Bacterium } & \text { Acetobacter aceti } & \text { C } \\
\hline \text { Fungus } & \text { Penicillium notatum } & \text { D } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Wine and beer are produced directly by fermentation whereas brandy and whisky require both fermentation and distillation. This is because

The chemical substances produced by some microbes which can kill or retard the growth of other microbes are called

Antibiotics are obtained from

Which of the following antibiotics was extensively used to treat American soldiers wounded in world war II?

Read the following statements regarding antibiotics and select the incorrect option from codes given below.
(i) Antibiotics are the attenuated microorganisms which in small concentration can kill or retard the growth of other harmful microorganisms.
(ii) Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming (1928) while working on bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
(iii) The full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic was established by Ernst Chain and Howard Florey.
(iv) Fleming, Chain and Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1945.

Which of the following diseases are treated by antibiotics?
(i) Plague
(ii) Diphtheria
(iii) Leprosy
(iv) Whooping cough

Streptomycin is obtained from

Which of the following antibiotics is not correctly matched with the source from which it is obtained?

Select the correct option to fill up the blanks.
(i) \(\qquad\) are used in detergent formulations and are helpful in removing oily stains from the laundry.
(ii) \(\qquad\) are ripened by growing Penicillium roqueforti on them.
(iii) \(\qquad\) are produced without distillation whereas, \(\qquad\) are produced by distillation of the fermented broth.
(iv) \(\qquad\) antibiotic was used to treat American soldiers wounded in world war II.
(v) \(\qquad\) is also called as kusht rog.

\(\qquad\)
produced by bacterium Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is used as a “clot buster” for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack.

Enzyme which has the fibrinolytic effect is

Identify the blank spaces A, B, C and D in the following table and select the correct option.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline \begin{array}{c}
\text { Type of } \\
\text { microbe }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}
\text { Scientific } \\
\text { name }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}
\text { Commercial } \\
\text { product }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Bacterium } & \text { A } & \text { Streptokinase } \\
\hline \text { B } & \text { Aspergillus niger } & \text { Citric acid } \\
\hline \text { Fungus } & \text { Trichoderma polysporum } & \text { C } \\
\hline \text { Bacterium } & \text { D } & \text { Butyric acid } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

\(
\begin{array}{lll}
\text { (a) } & \text { A-Streptococcus } & \text { B-Fungus } \\
& \text { C-Cyclosporin A } & \text { D-Clostridium butylicum } \\
\text { (b) } & \text { A-Clostridium butylicum } & \text { B-Streptococcus } \\
& \text { C-Fungus } & \text { D-Cyclosporin A } \\
\text { (c) } & \text { A-Streptococcus } & \text { B-Yeast } \\
& \text { C-Cyclosporin A } & \text { D-Lactobacillus } \\
\text { (d) } & \text { A-Streptococcus } & \text { B-Cyclosporin A } \\
& \text { C-Statins } & \text { D-Clostridium butylicum }
\end{array}
\)

A drug used for patient ‘ A ‘ is obtained from the organism ‘ B ‘. Identify A and B in the above statement and select the correct option.

Statins used for lowering blood cholesterol level are extracted from

Monascus purpureus is a yeast commercially used in the production of

Identify the blank spaces A, B, C and D in the given table and select the correct option.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \begin{array}{c}
\text { Type of } \\
\text { microbe }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}
\text { Scientific } \\
\text { name }
\end{array} & \text { Product } & \begin{array}{c}
\text { Medical } \\
\text { application }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Fungus } & \text { A } & \text { CyclosporinA } & \text { B } \\
\hline \text { C } & \begin{array}{c}
\text { Monascus } \\
\text { purpureus }
\end{array} & \text { Statin } & \text { D } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which of the following options contains the end products formed during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Which of the following is the first step of sewage treatment?

During the primary treatment of sewage, solid particles that settle down are called

The purpose of biological treatment of waste water is to

The masses of bacteria held together by slime and fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures are called

The purpose of biological treatment of waste water is to

The masses of bacteria held together by slime and fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures are called

Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: BOD represents the amount of dissolved oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water were oxidised by microorganisms. Statement 2 : High value of BOD indicates that water is highly polluted by organic matter.

Read the following statements and select the incorrect one.

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in a river water

Sewage water is treated before release into water bodies. The type of microbes used to treat sewage water is

A sewage treatment process in which a part of decomposer bacteria present in the wastes is recycled into the starting of the process is called

Which of the following steps is taken by the Ministry of Environment and Forests to protect rivers from water pollution?

BOD is \(\qquad\) in polluted water and \(\qquad\) in potable water.

Select the correct statement regarding activated sludge formed during secondary sewage treatment.

In the sewage treatment, bacterial flocs are allowed to sediment in a settling tank. This sediment is known as

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Methanogens } & \text { (i) } & \text { BOD } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Fermentors } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Methane rich fuel gas } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Organic waste } \\
\text { in water }
\end{array} & \text { (iii) } & \text { Production of methane } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Biogas } & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Large vessels for growing } \\
\text { microbes }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Study the following statements and select the incorrect ones.
(i) Methanococcus and Methanobacterium grow anaerobically on cellulosic material.
(ii) Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a mechanical process.
(iii) Activated sludge sediment in a sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria.
(iv) Biogas, commonly called as gobar gas, is pure methane.

Methanogens, growing anaerobically on cellulosic material produce

Which of the following bacteria is present in the rumen of cattle?

Process of biogas production is

Biogas is produced by anaerobic breakdown of biomass of agricultural waste by methanogenic bacteria. It is a

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Statins } & \text { (i) } & \text { Biogas } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Dung } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Saccharomyces cerevisiae } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Ethanol production } & \text { (iii) } & \text { Monascus purpureus } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Decomposition of } \\
\text { organic matter }
\end{array} & \text { (iv) } & \text { Methanothrix } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

These bacteria grow anaerobically on cellulosic material, produce large amount of methane along with \(\mathrm{CO}_2\) and \(\mathrm{H}_2\), and are collectively called methanogens. Examples of such bacteria are

The given figure represents a typical biogas plant. Select the correct option for A, B and C respectively.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Biogas generation is a three stage anaerobic digestion of animal and other organic wastes. Study the following flow chart and select the correct option for stages I, II and III.

Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : Biocontrol refers to the use of biological methods for controlling plant diseases and pests.
Statement 2 : Use of biocontrol measures will greatly reduce our dependence on toxic chemicals and pesticides.

Biopesticides are

When a natural predator (living organism) is applied on the other pathogen organisms to control them, this process is called as

Dragonflies are used to get rid of

A microbial biocontrol agent that can be used to control butterfly caterpillars is

Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for designing novel

Fill up the blanks by selecting the correct option.
(i) Biogas is a mixture of gases which predominantly contains \(\qquad\) and is used as \(\qquad\)
(ii) Methanogens are commonly found in the \(\qquad\) during sewage treatment.
(iii) \(\qquad\) species are free-living fungi and effective biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens.

Which of the following statements is correct with regard to biocontrol agents?

Trichoderma harzianum has proved to be a useful microorganism for

Baculoviruses (Nucleopolyhedrovirus) do not show

Which of the following statements regarding baculoviruses as biocontrol agents is/are correct?

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) discourages the excessive use of

Which of the following is not used as a biopesticide?

The reason that the chemical/synthetic fertilisers should be replaced by biofertilisers is that the former

Organic farming does not include

Organic farming includes

Living organisms used to enrich the nutrient quality of the soil are known as

Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. Which of the following can be used as biofertilisers?

Biofertilisers are

Biofertilisers are the living organisms which

Unicellular symbiotic organisms improve yield of legumes by

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Trichoderma } & \text { (i) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Free living nitrogen fixing } \\
\text { bacteria }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Streptomyces } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Biocontrol agent } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Azospirillum } & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Free living nitrogen fixing } \\
\text { cyanobacteria }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Anabaena } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Source of antibiotic } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Which one of the following can be used as biofertiliser in cotton field?

The symbiotic association between fungi and roots of higher plants is referred to as

Which one of the following microorganisms forms symbiotic association with plants and helps them in their nutrition?

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding mycorrhiza?