Practice Corner MCQ

One of the possible early sources of energy was/were

Abiogenesis theory of origin supports

Which one of the following experiments suggests that simplest living organisms could not have originated spontaneously from non-living matter?

Read the given statements and select the correct ones.
(i) Swan-necked flask experiment was done by Louis Pasteur.
(ii) The early belief of the spontaneous origin of life was disproved by Louis Pasteur.
(iii) Louis Pasteur is famous for germ theory of disease.
(iv) The idea that life originates from pre-existing life is referred to as biogenesis theory.
(v) Father Suarez was one of the greatest supporter of theory of special creation.
(vi) Cosmozoic theory of the origin of life was proposed by Richter.
(vii) The founder of ‘theory of catastrophism’ is Georges Cuvier.

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Helmont } & \text { (i) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Theory of chemical evolution } \\
\text { of life }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { L. Pasteur } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Spontaneous generation } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Richter } & \text { (iii) } & \text { Swan necked flask experiment } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Oparin } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Mutation } \\
\hline & & \text { (v) } & \text { Panspermia } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Who proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules?

According to one of the most widely accepted theories, earth’s atmosphere before origin of life was

According to Oparin, which one of the following was not present in the primitive atmosphere of the earth ?

From the point of view of early chemical evolution that preceded the origin of life on earth, the most important simple organic molecules formed were

The correct sequence for the manufacture of the compounds on the primitive earth is

The prebiotic atmosphere of the earth was of a reducing nature. It was transformed into an oxidising atmosphere of present day due to the emergence of

The first non-cellular form of life could have originated
\(\qquad\) billion years back.

The first life originated

On the primitive earth, polymers such as proteins and nucleic acids in aqueous suspension formed the membrane less spherical aggregates. These are called

Coacervates are

Consider following statements regarding microspheres.
(i) They were spherical in shape.
(ii) They had double-layered boundaries.
(iii) They could grow in size but were not able to reproduce.
(iv) They used ATP as source of energy.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Which one of the following is incorrect about the characteristics of protobionts (coacervates and microspheres) as envisaged in the abiogenic origin of life?

The sequence of origin of life may be

The following are some major events in the early history of life:
P. First heterotrophic prokaryotes
Q. First genes
R. First eukaryotes
S. First autotrophic prokaryotes
T. First animals

Which option below places these events in the correct order?

First life form on earth was a

The ship used by Charles Darwin during his sea voyages was

Fitness according to Darwin refers to

Alfred Wallace worked in

The theory of natural selection was given by

Refer to the given figure and select the correct option regarding X, Y and Z.

The preserved fossil remains of Archaeopteryx show that

Which of the following isotopes is used for finding the fossil age maximum about 35,0000 years?

In the developmental history of mammalian heart, it is observed that it passes through a two chambered fish like heart, three chambered frog like heart and finally four chambered stage.
To which hypothesis can this above cited statement be approximated ?

Which of the following statements is related to Karl Ernst von Baer?

The presence of gill slits, in the embryos of all vertebrates, supports the theory of

What can you infer about the structures shown in figure?

Which one of the following correctly describes the homologous structures?

The given figure shows an example of

Which of the following statements is true?

Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?

Evolutionary convergence is characterised by

In evolution, the studies can be made at molecular level. For example, the proteins present in the blood of man and ape are similar. The base sequence in nucleic acids and amino acids sequence in proteins of related organism is alike. These are the examples which are specifically referred to in

Industrial melanism as observed in peppered moth proves that

Replacement of the lighter-coloured variety of peppered moth (Biston betularia) to its darker variety (Biston carbonaria) in England is the example of

Phenomenon of ‘industrial melanism’ demonstrates

Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin’s concept of natural selection in organic evolution?

Which is not a vestigial organ in man?

Which one is not a vestigial organ?

Refer to the given figure.

What does it represent?

Following diagram provides an example of

Refer to the given figure.

The organisms in the given figure represent

The diversity in the type of beaks of finches adapted to different feeding habits on the Galapagos Islands, as observed by Darwin, provides evidence for

Consider the following three statements and select the correct option stating which one is true ( T ) and which one is false ( F ).
(i) Oparin of Russia and Haldane of England proposed that the first form of life could have come from non-living organic molecules (e.g., RNA, protein, etc.) and that formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution.
(ii) Based on observations made during a sea voyage around the world, Charles Darwin concluded that existing living forms share similarities to varying degrees only among themselves.
(iii) Evolution by natural selection must have started when cellular forms of life with different metabolic capability originated on Earth.

Read the following statements carefully and select the correct ones.
(i) Alfred Wallace, a naturalist who worked in Malay Archipelago had also come to similar conclusions as Darwin around the same time.
(ii) August Weismann by careful experimentation demonstrated that life comes only from pre-existing life.
(iii) The organs which have the same fundamental structure but are different in functions are called homologous organs.
(iv) Rate of appearance of new form is inversely proportional to life span of organism.

By the statement ‘survival of the fittest’, Darwin meant that

Which of the following are the two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution?

There are three statements given here each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in any two statements.
(A) For a long time it was also believed that life came out of decaying and rotting matter like straw, mud, etc. This was the theory of (i).
(B) During post-industrialisation period, the tree trunks became dark due to industrial smoke and soots. Under this condition the (i) did not survive due to predators, while (ii) survived.
(C) Lamarck said that evolution of life forms had occurred but driven by (i) of organs.

According to Lamarckism, long necked giraffes evolved because

Which of the following evidences does not favour the Lamarckian concept of inheritance of acquired characters?

“Human population grows in geometric ratio while food materials increase in arithmetic proportion.” It is a statement from

Given below are four statements (A-D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.
(A) Wings of butterfly and birds look alike and are the result of (i) evolution.
(B) Miller showed that \(\mathrm{CH}_4, \mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{NH}_3\) and (i) when exposed to electric discharge in a flask resulted in formation of (ii).
(C) Vermiform appendix is a (i) organ and an (ii) evidence of evolution.
(D) According to Darwin, evolution took place due to (i) and (ii) of the fittest.

Which one of the following sequences was proposed by Darwin and Wallace for organic evolution ?

Which of the following statements about natural selection are correct?
(i) Tends to increase the characters that enhance survival and reproduction
(ii) Individuals with better adaptive ability leave more progeny
(iii) Was considered as mechanism of evolution by Darwin

Darwinism explains all the following except

Which of the following are necessary for evolution by natural selection to take place?
(i) Offspring resemble their parents more than other individuals in the population.
(ii) Differences among individuals exist and lead to different numbers of successful offspring being produced.
(iii) Individuals provided with favourable and unfavourable variations would survive.
(iv) Every individual possess enormous fertility.

Each of us is part of the ongoing evolution of the species. Which of the following occurrences would have the greatest impact on the future biological evolution of the human population?

Which one of the following scientist’s name is correctly matched with the theory put forth by him?

Single step large mutation leading to speciation is also called

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Saltation } & \text { (i) } & \text { Darwin } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Formation of life was preceded } \\
\text { by chemical evolution }
\end{array} & \text { (ii) } & \text { Louis Pasteur } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Reproductive fitness } & \text { (iii) } & \text { de Vries } \\
\hline \text { D. } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Life comes from pre-existing } \\
\text { life }
\end{array} & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Oparin and } \\
\text { Haldane }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

\(
\begin{array}{|c|l|c|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Wallace } & \text { (i) } & \text { Essay on population } \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Malthus } & \text { (ii) } & \text { Biston } \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Hardy-Weinberg law } & \text { (iii) } & \mathrm{p}^2+\mathrm{q}^2+2 \mathrm{pq}=1 \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Industrial melanism } & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Co-proposer of } \\
\text { Natural selection }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

At a particular locus, frequency of allele \(A\) is 0.6 and that of allele \(a\) is 0.4 . What would be the frequency of heterozygotes in a random mating population at equilibrium?

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is known to be essentially affected by factors like, gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and

The Hardy-Weinberg principle cannot operate if

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.

\(
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Column I } & & \text { Column II } \\
\hline \text { A. } & \text { Mutation } & \text { (i) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Changes in population’s } \\
\text { frequencies due to chance } \\
\text { alone }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { B. } & \text { Gene flow } & \text { (ii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Differences in survival } \\
\text { and reproduction among } \\
\text { variant individuals }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { C. } & \text { Natural selection } & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Immigration, emigration } \\
\text { change allele frequencies }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { D. } & \text { Genetic drift } & \text { (iv) } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Source of new alleles }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)

The effects of genetic drift are more marked in

Fill up the blanks in the following paragraph by selecting the correct option.
When migration of a section of population to another place and population occurs, (i) change in the original as well as in the new population. New genes/alleles are added to the (ii) population and these are lost from the (iii) population. There would be a (iv) if this gene migration, happens multiple times. If the same change occurs by chance, it is called (v). Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so different in the new sample of population that they become a different species. The original drifted population becomes founders and the effect is called (vi).

An isolated population of humans with approximately equal numbers of blue-eyed and brown-eyed individuals was decimated by an earthquake. Only a few browneyed people remained to form the next generation. This kind of change in the gene pool is called a

Which of the following is most important for speciation?

The factors involved in the formation of new species are

Following is the digrammatic representation of the operation of natural selection on different traits. Which of the following options correctly identifies all the three graphs A, B and C ?

The given graph shows the range of variation among population members for a trait determined by multiple genes. If this population is subjected to disruptive selection for several generations, which of the following distributions is most likely to result?

Read the following statements and select the correct option.
(i) Increase in melanised moths after industrialisation in Great Britain is a proof for natural selection.
(ii) When more individuals of a population acquire a mean character value, it is called disruption.
(iii) Changes in allelic frequency in a population will lead to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
(iv) Genetic drift changes the existing gene or allelic frequency in future generations.

Stabilising selection favours

Select the pair which does not match.

The different forms of once interbreeding species that live in different geographical regions are called

Allopatric speciation occurs when

An inter-breeding population of finches became separated geographically, forming two isolated groups. Each group then became subject to different selective pressures. One group was then introduced into the habitat of the other.
Which one of the following would determine whether they now formed two distinct species?

Read the given statements (i)-(iv) regarding evolution and select the incorrect ones.
(i) The oceanic water rich in mixture of organic compounds was termed by J.B.S. Haldane (1920) as ‘hot dilute soup of organic substances.’
(ii) The term coacervate was given by Syndey Fox.
(iii) First cellular form of life did not possibly originate till about 2000 mya.
(iv) The first geological time scale was developed by Georges Cuvier.

Refer to the given statements and select the correct ones.
(i) Fossils are remains of hard parts of life forms in rocks.
(ii) Dinosaurs disappeared about 65 mya.
(iii) Animals called lobe fins evolved into reptiles.
(iv) Study of fossils is called paleontology.

Which of following represents correct order of evolution?

Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates that

The character that proves that frogs have evolved from fishes is

Which of the following statements is correct?

Consider the following three statements and select the correct option stating which one is true (T) and which one is false (F).
(i) Some land reptiles went back into water to evolve into fish like reptiles probably 200 mya
(ii) The first mammals were like shrews.
(iii) The work of Thomas Malthus on populations influenced Lamarck.

The given diagram represents evolutionary history of vertebrates through geological periods. Identify the geological periods (A, B, C and D) and select the correct option.

Refer to the given figure and select the correct option regarding it.

Identify the correct arrangement of periods of Palaeozoic era in ascending order in geological time scale.

Which is the correct order of increasing geological time scale for a hypothetical vertebrate evolution?

The ‘Devonian period’ is considered to be as

Given below are four statements (i) – (iv) regarding geological time scale. Read them carefully.
(i) Palaeozoic era is the era of ancient life.
(ii) Ordovician period is the age of vertebrates.
(iii) Carboniferous period is the age of reptiles
(iv) Proterozoic era is the era of early life.
Which of the two statements are incorrect?

Golden age of reptiles was

Amphibians were dominant during \(\qquad\)

The primate which existed 15 mya was

One of the oldest, best preserved and most complete hominid fossil commonly known as ‘Lucy’ belongs to the genus

Homo sapiens arose during which epoch?

The extinct humans who lived \(1,00,000\) to 40,000 years ago, in East and Central Asia, used hides to protect their bodies and had brain capacity of 1400 c.c. were

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Complete the following paragraph by selecting the correct sequence of words from the options given below. The Neanderthal man with a brain size of (i) lived near East and Central (ii) between (iii) years back. They used (iv) to protect their body and buried their dead.

If the Neanderthals are not the direct ancestors of humans, is it still possible for humans and Neanderthals to be related?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding evolution of mankind?

Which of the following eras, in geological time scale, corresponds to the period when life had not originated upon the earth?

The most apparent change during the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens is traced in