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Among the terms listed below, those that of are not technically correct names for a floral whorl are:
i. Androecium
ii. Carpel
iii. Corolla
iv. Sepal
(C)
– There are 4 floral whorls viz., calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Calyx and corolla are accessory organs or non-essential whorl, while androecium and gynoecium are reproductive organs.
– The calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower and the members are called sepals.
– Gynoecium is the female reproductive part of the flower and is made up of one or more carpels.
Embryo sac is to ovule as _______ is to an anther.
(c)
Embryo sac (female gametophyte)
Ovule (megasporangium)
Pollen grain (male gametophyte)
Anther (microsporangium)
In a typical complete, bisexual and hypogynous flower the arrangement of floral whorls on the thalamus from the outermost to the innermost is:
(a) Arrangement of floral whorls on the thalamus from the outermost to the innermost is calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium.
A dicotyledonous plant bears flowers but never produces fruits and seeds. The most probable cause for the above situation is:
(d) A dicotyledonous plant bears flowers but never produces fruits and seeds because plant is dioecious and bears only staminate flowers.
The outermost and innermost wall layers of microsporangium in an anther are respectively:
(d) Wall layers of microsporangium in an anther are:
Epidermis – Endothecium – Middle layers – Tapetum
(Outermost) (Innermost)
During microsporogenesis, meiosis occurs in:
(b) During microsporogenesis, meiosis occurs in microspore mother cells.
From among the sets of terms given below, identify those that are associated with the gynoecium.
(a) Stigma, ovule, embryo sac and placenta are associated with the gynoecium.
Starting from the innermost part, the correct sequence of parts in an ovule are,
(b) The correct sequence of parts in an ovule are
Egg – embryo sac – nucellus – integument
(Inner) (Outer)
From the statements given below choose the option that are true for a typical female gametophyte of a flowering plant:
i. It is 8-nucleate and 7-celled at maturity
ii. It is free-nuclear during the development
iii. It is situated inside the integument but outside the nucellus
iv. It has an egg apparatus situated at the chalazal end
(c) A typical female gametophyte of a flowering plant is 8-nucleate and 7-celled at maturity and free-nuclear during the development.
Autogamy can occur in a chasmogamous flower if:
(c) In a normal flower which opens and exposes the anthers and stigma complete autogamy is rather rare. Autogamy in such flowers requires synchrony in pollen release and stigma receptivity and also, the anthers and the stigma should lie close to each other so that self-pollination can occur.
Choose the correct statement from the following:
(a) Cleistogamous flowers are invariably autogamous as there is no chance of cross-pollen landing on the stigma. Cleistogamous flowers produce assured seed-set even in absence of pollinators.
E.g. of cleistogamous flowers are Viola (common pansy), Oxalis, Commelina, Arachis hypogea and Oryza sativa.
A particular species of plant produces light, non-sticky pollen in large numbers and its stigmas are long and feathery. These modifications facilitate pollination by:
(c) Pollination by wind is called anemophily. Anemophilous flowers are small, in conspicuous non-scented without bright colours, nectar and fragrance. Wind pollination also requires that the pollen grains are light and non-sticky which is in large numbers and its stigmas are long and feathery.
From among the situations given below, choose the one that prevents both autogamy and geitonogamy.
(b)
Autogamy (same flower); geitonogamy (different flowers of same plants; xenogamy (different plant’s flower)
Dioecious plant bearing only male or female flowers prevents both autogamy and geitonogamy.
In a fertilised embryo sac, the haploid, diploid and triploid structures are:
(a) In a fertilised embryo sac, the haploid, diploid and triploid structures are synergid, zygote and primary endosperm nucleus, respectively.
In an embryo sac, the cells that degenerate after fertilisation are:
(b) In an embryo sac, synergids and antipodals degenerate after fertilisation.
\(
\begin{array}{|ll|l|}
\hline \text { 1. } & \text { Ovary } & \text { Fruit } \\
\hline \text { 2. } & \text { Ovary wall } & \text { Pericarp (fruit wall) } \\
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Ovule } & \text { Seed } \\
\hline \text { 4. } & \text { Outer integument } & \text { Testa (Outer seed coat) } \\
\hline \text { 5. } & \text { Inner integument } & \text { Tegmen (Inner seed coat) } \\
\hline \text { 6. } & \text { Secondary nucleus } & \text { Endosperm } \\
\hline \text { 7. } & \text { Egg } & \text { Zygote } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\)
While planning for an artificial hybridization programme involving dioecious plants, which of the following steps would not be relevant:
(c)
• Artificial hybridisation is one of the major approaches of crop improvement programme. In such crossing experiments it is important to make sure that only the desired pollen grains are used for pollination and the stigma is protected from contamination (from unwanted pollen). This is achieved by emasculation and bagging techniques.
• Emasculation is relevant in monoecious plants.
In the embryos of a typical dicot and a grass, true homologous structures are:
(c) Cotyledons of the typical dicot embryo are simple structures generally thick and swollen due to storage of food reserves (as in legumes) and embryo of monocots consists of one large and shield shaped cotyledon known as scutellum situated towards one side (lateral) of the embryonal axis. E.g.: Grass family, Sorghum.
The phenomenon observed in some plants wherein parts of the sexual apparatus is used for forming embryos without fertilisation is called:
(b)
• Apomixis is the special mechanism, to produce seed without fertilisation. It is observed in few flowering plants such as some species of asteraceae and grasses.
• Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction. If a fruit is formed without fertilisation of ovary, it is called a parthenocarpic fruit, e.g., banana and grape.
In a flower, if the megaspore mother cell forms megaspores without undergoing meiosis and if one of the megaspores develops into an embryo sac, its nuclei would be:
(b) In a flower, if the megaspore mother cell forms megaspores without undergoing meiosis and if one of the megaspores develops into an embryo sac, its nuclei would be diploid.
The phenomenon wherein, the ovary develops into a fruit without fertilisation is called:
(a) If a fruit is formed without fertilisation of ovaty, it is called a parthenocarpic fruit, e.g., banana and grape.
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